Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-SDRAM, DDR kunye neDram Chips?
2024-07-09 5942

Kwilizwe elinamandla leHardware, iimemori zeTekhnoloji enje ngeDram, i-SDR, kunye ne-DDR zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuchazeni ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwentsebenzo ye-computer.Ukusuka kwiNkqubo yoPhuculo lweSingqumzo ezingeniswe yi-SDRAM ngo-1990 kwiindlela zokuTshintshela kweDatha eziPhezulu zeDatha ye-DDR, uhlobo ngalunye lweTekhnoloji luye laziswa ukulungisa iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye nemiceli mngeni.Eli nqaku ligqogqa iindidi zezi ntlobo zememori, ichaza indlela umntu ngamnye avele ngayo ukuze afezekise iimfuno zokwanda kwesantya, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki.Ngokuhlolwa okuthe kratya koyilo lwabo, iindlela zokusebenza, kunye neempembelelo zentsebenzo, sijolise ekuthetheni umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi teknoloji ze-Compsm ze-Comphemus.

Ikhathalogu

Umzobo 1: I-SDR, DDR, kunye neDram kwi-PCB uyilo

Umahluko phakathi kwe-SDRAM, DDR, kunye neDram

I-SDRAM

Imemori ye-Synchronous eguqukayoOkungxoxo-xongronnnisetion kranisa kakhulu i-STED STED SHREALS Speeds ngokuthelekiswa neDram ye-Asynchronous.Yaziswa ngo-1990s, i-SDRAM ibhekisa amaxesha okufundisa okucothayo kwimemori ye-asynchronous, apho ukulibaziseka kwenzeke khona njengoko imiqondiso ehamba nge-semicondcuctors.

Ngokuvumelanisa nenkqubo ye-System ye-System, i-SDRAM iphucula ukuhamba kolwazi phakathi kwe-CPU kunye nememori yolawulo lwememori hub, ukuphucula idatha ephathelele kwidatha ephathekayo.Oku kulungelelaniso kunciphisa i-HECTECATIS, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka okunokuthoba imisebenzi yekhompyuter.Uyilo lwe-SDRAM LUYENZIWA KAKHULU NOKUXELWA KWEENKCAZO ZOKUSETYENZISWA KWE-DEAT EMVA KOKUSETYENZISWA KWEEMPAWU, YENZA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LOKUXELISA, YENZA ISETHO EYENZIWEYO KWIINGXAKI ZEEMVIWO ZEEMVIYO.

Ezi zibonelelo ziseka i-SDRAM njengecandelo eliphambili kwiTekhnoloji yeMemori yeKhompyutha, eyaziwa ngokuba kukuphucula ukusebenza kwentsebenzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter.Isantya esiphuculweyo kunye nokuthembeka kwe-SDRAM yenza ukuba ixabiseke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna ukufikelela kwidatha ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokulungisa.

Ddr

Ireyimu yedatha ephindwe kabini (i-DDR) imemori ikhuthaza amandla ememori yokungena ngokungekho mthethweni.I-DDR ikwazi ukuphumelela oku ngokudlulisela idatha kwimijikelezo nganye kunye nokuwa komjikelo ngamnye wewotshi, uphinda-phinda ulwazi ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokufuna ukwandisa isantya sewotshi.Le ndlela iphucula idatha yenkqubo yokuphatha ngempumelelo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

Imemori ye-DDR isebenza kwi-clock isantya sokuqala nge-200 mhz, ikwazise ukuxhasa izicelo ezinzulu ngokutshintshwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Ukusebenza kwayo kusebenze kuye kwenza ukuba ityhilwe kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zekhompyuter.Njengoko iimfuno zomsebenzi zekhompyuter zinyuswe, itekhnoloji ye-DDR ivele kwizukulwana ezininzi-DDR2, DDR4-nganye isantya esiphezulu, kunye neemfuno zevolthi engxamisekileyo.Le ntolo-mali iyenze izisombululo zememori esenza iindleko ezininzi kwaye ziphendule kwiimfuno zomsebenzi wendlela yendlela ye-ledning.

Idram

Imemori yokufikelela eguqukayo (idram) luhlobo lwememori esetyenzisiweyo ngokubanzi kwi-desktop yanamhlanje kunye neekhompyuter zeklaptop.Ifakwe nguRobert Dennard ngo-1968 nangentengiso yi-Intel® ngo-1970, idram igcina i-bits yedatha isebenzisa amachaphaza.Olu wilo lwenza ukuba ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungacwangciswanga kwaso nasiphi na isisele sememori, ukuqinisekisa amaxesha okuba uqwalaselo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo.

Uyilo lukaDram lusebenzisa ubuchule bokufikelela kunye namachaphaza.Ukuhambela phambili okuqhubekayo kwiTekhnoloji ye-semiconductor kuye kwalungisa loyilo, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubungakanani beendleko kunye nobungakanani bendawo ngelixa benyusa amaxabiso ewoyi.Olu phuculo luphuculwe ukusebenza kweDram kunye nokusebenza kwezoqoqosho, kuyenza ilungele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezinzima kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.

Le nto indaleko eqhubekayo ibonisa ukuba uqoqosho lweDram kunye nendima yayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter.

Isakhiwo seseli

Uyilo lweseli yedram iqhubekile ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko nokugcina indawo kwiikomuko zememori.Ekuqaleni, idram isebenzise ukuseta i-3-topup, equka ukufikelela kuhambo kunye nogcino lokugcina ukulawula idatha.Olu hlengahlengiso lwenze idatha ethembekileyo yokufunda kwaye ibhala imisebenzi kodwa ingena kwindawo ebalulekileyo.

Idram yale mihla isebenzisa i-compact enye ye-1-Deristor / 1-Capacitor (1T1C) yoyilo, ngoku iMigangatho yeMemori yeMemori ePhezulu.Kule ndawo yokubekwa, i-tristor enye isebenza njengesango lokulawula ukutshaja kweCapacitower yokugcina.I-capacitor ibambe i-bit yexabiso ledatha-'0 'ukuba ikhutshiwe kwaye' 1 'ukuba ihlawulisiwe.I-tristor inxibelelanisa kumgca kancinane ofunda idatha ngokuchonga imeko yeCapacitour.

Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwe-1T1C lufuna amaqhuqhuva ahlaziyiweyo rhoqo ukukhusela ilahleko yedatha kwi-ntlawulo kwi-ntlawulo kwi-cacecitors.Oku kuhlaziya izijikelezo nje ngamaxesha amaxesha ngamaxesha ngokuphinda uxhase amachaphaza, ukugcina ingqibelelo yedatha egciniweyo.Le mfuneko yokuhlaziya impembelelo yokusebenza kwememori kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ekuyini iinkqubo zekhompyuter zokuqinisekisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Imowudi yokudluliselwa kwe-Andnch

Imowudi yokudluliselwa kwe-AsynchronousLe nkqubo ilawula imisebenzi efana nokubhalwa, ukufunda, kunye nedatha ehlaziyayo kwiseli nganye.Ukugcina indawo kwi-chip yememori kwaye ukunciphisa inani lezikhonkwane zokuqhagamshela, idram isebenzisa idilesi ye-Audgemed, ebandakanya imiqondiso emibini: Idilesi ye-Strobe (RAS)Ezi zibonisa ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula idatha ukufikelela kwidatha kwi-memorix matrix.

I-RAS ikhetha umgca othile weeseli, ngelixa i-CAS ikhetha iikholamu, ukuvumela ukufikelela ekujoliswe kuwo nakweyiphi na indawo yedatha ngaphakathi kwematrix.Eli lungiselelo livumela ukuba isebenze ngokukhawuleza imiqolo kunye neekholamu, ukulungelelanisa ukubuyisa idatha kunye negalelo, elinokugcina ukusebenza kwenkqubo.Nangona kunjalo, indlela ye-Asynchronous inezithintelo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokwazisa kunye ne-ammiltiment efunekayo yokufunda idatha.Ezi zinto zinzima zithintele isantya esiphezulu sokusebenza seDram ye-asynchronous ukuya malunga ne-66 MHz.Ukuphela kwesantya kubonakalisa ukurhweba phakathi kwenkqubo yoyilo lwenkqubo yenkqubo kunye nezakhono zayo zomsebenzi.

I-SDRAM VS. Dram

Imemori yokufikelela eguqukayo (idram) inokusebenza kuzo zombini iindlela ze-acshronous.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Synchronous eguqukayo ye-Synchromic (i-SDHRANNAM) isebenza ngokukodwa kunye ne-switchronous ye-Synchrous, elungelelanisa imisebenzi yayo ngqo kwi-SCOCK ye-CPU, ehambelana ne-CPU ye-CPU.Okungxoxozisa okuphakamisa i-SHEALS yendawo yokulungisa i-SHEALS xa kuthelekiswa neDram ye-Asynchronous.

Umzobo 2: I-Dram Spiretors

I-SDRAM isebenzisa iindlela zokuphucula imibhobho ekuqhubekiseni ngedatha ngaxeshanye kuzo zonke iibhanki ezininzi zememori.Le ndlela yokulinganisa i-gethi yedatha ihamba ngenkqubo yememori, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka kunye nokwandisa igalelo.Ngelixa idram ye-asynchronous ilinde ukusebenza ukuba igqibe ngaphambi kokuba aqalise enye, i-SDRAM iyagqobhoza le misebenzi, ukusika amaxesha omjikelezo kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwenza i-SDRAME iluncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna ukuba i-bandwidth ePhakamileyo kunye nokufunda okuphantsi, zisenza ilungele izicelo zokwenza iiKhosi eziSebenzayo.

I-SDRAM VS. DDR

I-Shift ukusuka kwiDram ye-Synchronous (i-SDRM) ukuya kwixabiso ledatha le-SDROM (DDR SDRAM) libonisa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zebhendi ephezulu.I-DDR SDMR iphucula idatha ejongene nokusebenzisa zombini iindawo ezikhulayo kunye nokuwa komjikelo wewotshi ukuhambisa idatha, ngokwazi ukuqhubeka kwedatha ngenkqubo ye-SDRAM yemveli.

Umzobo 3: Imodyuli yemodyuli ye-SDRAM

Olu phuculo lufezekisiwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-prepiking, ivumela i-DDR SDRAM yokufunda okanye ukubhala idatha kabini kumjikelo wewotshi enye ngaphandle kokufuna ukwandisa i-cyck frequency okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Oku kubangela ukunyuka okukhulu kwebhendi, okuyingenelo kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukulungiswa kwedatha ephezulu kunye nokudluliselwa.Inguqu ukuya kwi-DDR iphawula i-quage enkulu yetekhnoloji, iphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwiimfuno ezinzima zeNkqubo yeChowuding yanamhlanje, zibenza ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zisebenze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

I-DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 - Yintoni umahluko?

Indaleko evela kwi-DDR kwi-DDR4 ibonakalisa ukuphucula okuphambili ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuphakama kwekhompyuter.Isizukulwana ngasinye sememori ye-DDR siphindaphinde kabini inqanaba lokudlulisela idatha kunye nokuphuculwa kwamandla okuqala, kuvumele ukuphathwa kwedatha esebenzayo ngakumbi.

I-DDR (DDR1): Beka isiseko ngokuphindaphinda i-bandwidth ye-SDWID yendabuko.Kufezekisile oku ngokudlulisela idatha kwimiphetho enyukayo kunye nokuwa komjikelo wewotshi.

I-DDR2: Ukunyuka kwesantya sewotshi kwaye wazisa uyilo lwe-4-bitFetch.Olu wilo lwenziwa kane amaxesha amane Idatha ngomjikelo ngamnye kuthelekiswa ne-DDR, i-temputer ireyithi yedatha ngaphandle kokunyusa ireyithi yewotshi.

I-DDR3: Phinda kabini ubunzulu be-prefetch ukuya kwi-8 bits.Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwanda kwewotshi yewotshi yokuphuma kwedatha enkulu.

I-DDR4: Ukuphuculwa koxinano kunye nobuchule besantya.Ukunyuka kobude be-preftch ukuya kwii-16 zeebits kwaye kuncitshiswe iimfuno ze-voltage.Kukhokelele ekusebenzeni kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwizicelo ezinzulu zedatha.

Olu gonyo lumele ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwitekhnoloji yememori, ukuxhasa iindawo ezisebenza kakhulu zekhomputha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwimitha enkulu yedatha.I-Iteration nganye inikiwe ukujongana nesoftware enesibindi kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza ngokukuko komsebenzi onzima.

Umzobo 4: Ddr Ram

Indaleko yetekhnoloji ye-RAM kwiDram yeNkundla kwiDDR5 yakutshanje ibonisa inkqubela phambili ephambili, amaxabiso edatha, amaxabiso ogqithiso, kunye neemfuno ze-voltage.Olu tshintsho lubonisa isidingo sokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezandayo zekhomputha zanamhlanje.

	I-prefetch	Amaxabiso edatha	Ixabiso lokutshintshela	I-Voltage	Inqaku
Idram	I-1-bit	I-100 ukuya kwi-166 MT / s	I-0.8 ukuya kwi-1.3 GB / S	3.3V
Ddr	I-2-bit	I-266 ukuya kwi-400 mt / s	2.1 ukuya kwi-3.2 GB / s	2.5 ukuya kwi-2.6V	Idatha edlulayo kwimiphetho yomibini yewotshi Umjikelo, ukwandisa igalelo ngaphandle kokukhula rhoqo.
I-DDR2	I-4-bit	I-533 ukuya kwi-800 mt / s	4.2 ukuya kwi-6.4 GB / S	1.8V	Ukuphinda wenze impumelelo kwi-DDR, ukubonelela ukusebenza okungcono kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
I-DDR3	I-8-bit	I-1066 ukuya kwi-1600 mt / s	8.5 ukuya kwi-14.9 GB / S	1.35 ukuya kwi-1.5v	Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenzisa amandla asezantsi kunye ukusebenza okuphezulu.
I-DDR4	I-16-bit	2133 ukuya kwi-5100 mt / s	I-17 ukuya kwi-25.6 GB / S	1.2V	I-bandwidth ephuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle Ikhomputha yokusebenza ePhakamileyo.

Oku kuqhubela phambili kugxininiswa kokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwitekhnoloji yememori, kujolise ekuxhaseni iimfuno ezifunwayo zendawo ezikhoyo zanamhlanje.

Ukuhambelana kwememori kwiibhodi zenkumbulo

Ukuhambelana kwememori kunye nebhodi ye-smart yinxalenye yoqwalaselo lweHardware yeKhompyuter.Ibhodi nganye ixhasa iintlobo ezithile zememori esekwe kwiimpawu zombane kunye neziko.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimodyuli zegusha ziyahambelana, ukuthintela imiba efana nokungazinzi kwenkqubo okanye ukonakala kwekhompyutha.Umzekelo, ukuxuba i-SDR5 kwibhodi enye yebhodi ye-themativene kwaye kuyakwazi ukwenza imigqomo ye-slot eyahlukileyo kunye neemfuno ze-voltage.

Iibhodi zamalungu zenziwe ngememori ethile ye-slots ezihambelana nobume, ubukhulu, kunye neemfuno zombane zeememori ezichongiweyo.Olu luyilo luthintela ufakelo olungachanekanga lwememori engahambelaniyo.Ngelixa abanye abanqamlezayo bakhona, njengeemodyuli ezithile ze-DDR3 kunye neemodyuli ze-DDR4 kunye ne-DDR4 kunye ne-DDR4 yeemodyuli, ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kuxhomekeke kusetyenziswa iMemori ukuba ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo nenkumbulo.

Ukuphuculwa okanye ukutshintshwa kwememori ukuze kutshatise ibhokisi yebhotile iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngenkqubo yenkqubo kunye nozinzo.Le ndlela ivumela iingxaki njengendlela yokusebenza encitshisiweyo okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo, ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kweetsheki zengqondo ngaphambi kwayo nayiphi na imemorente yokufakelwa okanye ukuphuculwa kwememori.

Ukuqukumbela

Indaleko yetekhnoloji yememori evela kwiDram esisiseko kwiifomathi ze-DDR ze-DDR imele ukutsiba ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni izicelo zebhendi ephakamileyo kunye nemisebenzi enzima yekhompyutha.Inyathelo ngalinye kule yveloption, ukusuka kulungelelwaniso lwe-SDHARD ngeebhasi zenkqubo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DDR4 ye-Prefeesting kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba elifanelekileyo, kuphawula imida yememori, ukutyhala imida yezinto ezinokufezekiswa kuzo.Olu gonyo aluphelanga nje ukuphucula amava osebenzisi lomsebenzisi ngokukhawulezisa ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa i-quencutic kodwa iphinde yenze indlela yokufumana indlela yoyilo lwe-Hardware.Njengoko siqhubela phambili, ukuqhubeka nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yememori, njengoko kubonwe kwi-DDR5 ye-DDR5 ekhulayo kunye nokusebenza okukhulu kunye nobuchule bokuphumelela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zethu zekhompyuter zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zedatha ye-computer ekhulayo.Ukuqonda olu phuculo kunye neziphumo zazo ekungangqiqweni kwenkqubo kwaye intsebenzo isetyenziselwa inzondelelo ye-hardware kunye nenkqubo yoyilo lwenkqubo ngokufanayo, njengoko behamba umda wezixhobo ezinzima zekhompyutha zanamhlanje.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo [i-FAQ]

1. Kutheni i-SDRAM isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nenye iDram?

I-SDRAM (i-Synchronous eguqukayo) ikhethelwe ezinye iintlobo zedram ikakhulu kuba ihambelanayo nenkqubo yenkqubo, ekhokelela ekunyuseni idatha.Olu nxibelelaniso luvumela i-SDRAM ye-SDRAM yokufikelela kwimiyalelo ephezulu kunye nokufikelela idatha ngokukhawuleza kwiintlobo ze-asynchronous, ezingalungelelanisiweyo ngenkqubo yenkqubo.I-SDRAM inciphisa i-FELTEY kwaye iphucule igalelo ledatha, lenze ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezifuna ukufikelela kwidatha ephezulu yedatha.Ukukwazi kwayo ukuphatha imisebenzi entsonkothileyo ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kuye kwenza ukhetho olusezantsi kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter eziphambili.

2. Ungayichaza njani i-SDRAM?

Ukuchonga i-SDRAM kubandakanya ukukhangela iimpawu ezimbalwa eziphambili.Okokuqala, jonga ubungakanani bomzimba kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwePIN kwimodyuli yenkunzi yegusha.I-SDRAM iqhele iza kwi-DIMMS (iimodyuli ezimbini zememori) yeMemori) kwiidesktops okanye i-DIMMS ye-LAPTOP.Emva koko, iimodyuli ze-SDRAM zihlala zibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngohlobo lwazo kunye nesantya (E.G., PC100, PC133) ngokuthe ngqo kwisitikha esibonisa ubungakanani kunye nophawu.Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kukubonisana nenkqubo okanye incwadana yemigaqo yedolophu, eya kuthi ichaze uhlobo lokuxhasa i-RAM.Sebenzisa izixhobo zeNkqubo yeNkqubo njenge-CPU-Z kwiWindows okanye i-DMIIDCODE kwi-Linux, enokubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nohlobo lwememori ofakwe kwinkqubo yakho.

3. Ngaba i-SDRAM iphuculwe?

Ewe, i-SDRAM iphuculwe, kodwa ngenxa yokusikelwa umda.Uphuculo kufuneka luhambelane ne-chipset ye-chipset yakho kunye nenkumbulo.Umzekelo, ukuba i-humani yakho ixhasa i-SDRAM, unokunyusa ngokubanzi inani le-RAM.Nangona kunjalo, awukwazi ukuphucula iindidi ze-DDR ukuba ibhodi yakho yomama ayixhasi loo migangatho.Soloko ujonga inkcazo yeBhodi yeMakhaya kwimemori ephezulu exhaswayo kunye nokuhambelana ngaphambi kokuzama ukuphuculwa.

4. Yeyiphi i-nkunzi elungele i-PC?

Eyona "intle" yenqama ye-PC ixhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomsebenzisi kunye nezakhono zebhodi ye-PC.Kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla njengonxibelelwano lwewebhu kunye nezicelo zeofisi, i-DDR4 Ram idla ngokwanele, inika ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza.I-DDR4 enezantya eziphezulu (i.G., 3200 MHZ) okanye i-DDR5 ye-DDR5, ukuba ixhaswe yibhodi ye-band, ilungele ukwenza i-bandwidth ephezulu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.Qinisekisa ukuba inkunzi ekhethiweyo iyahambelana nenkcazo yebhodi yenkosi malunga nohlobo, isantya, kunye nobuninzi bomthamo.

5. Ndingayifaka i-DDR ye-DDR4 kwi-DDR3 Slot?

Hayi, i-DDR4 RAM ayinakufakwa kwi-DDR3 Slot;Ababini abahambelani.I-DDR4 inoqwalaselo lwe-DDR4 inoqwalaselo lwe-PIN, isebenza kwi-voltage eyahlukileyo, kwaye inesikhundla esahlukileyo se-Inchch xa kuthelekiswa ne-DDR3, esenza ukufakwe emzimbeni kwi-DDR3 slot ayinakwenzeka.

6. Ngaba i-SDRAM ikhawuleze i-Dram?

Ewe, i-SDRAMI iqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kunedram esisiseko ngenxa yolungelelwaniso lwewotshi yenkqubo.Oku kuvumela i-SDRAM yokuhambisa imisebenzi yayo ngokungqinelana nokufikelela kwimemori kunye nemijikelezo ye-CPU, ukunciphisa amaxesha okulinda phakathi kwemiyalelo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukufikelela kwedatha kunye nokuqhubela phambili.Ngokwahlukileyo, idram yendabuko, esebenza ngendlela engahambelaniyo, ayihambelani newotshi yenkqubo kwaye ke ijongene neengcaphetho eziphezulu kunye nefuthe ledatha elicothisayo.