Sebenzisa amandla ekhemikhali ukuvelisa umbane
2024-07-15 5084

Amandla amachiza lilitye lembombo phakathi kweendlela ezintanda eziPhambili ezintandathu.Idlala indima enkulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwephesha.Ngokuqonda nokudibanisa amandla agcinwe ngaphakathi kwiibhondi zemichiza, sinokwenza umsebenzi kwaye siqhube iinkqubo ezininzi.Eli nqaku likufumanisa ukubaluleka kwamandla emichiza, ukubaluleka kwembali, inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuguqula imeko yekhemikhali ibe ngumbane, kunye nezicelo zayo kwi-elektroniki yanamhlanje.Ngovavanyo oluneenkcukacha, siya kutyhila indlela amachiza amakhamamikhali aguqulwe ngayo kwizazisi zesayensi kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwizixhobo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuveliswa kwetekhnoloji.

Ikhathalogu

Umzobo 1: Amandla emichiza

Imbali yenkqubo yokuphendula yekhemikhali

Ukuvelisa amandla oombane ngokusabela khemilisi, kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-18, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali yenzululwazi.UPhando lukaLuigi Gagani UPhando ngoovulindlela, epapashwe ngo-1792, ekhokelele ekuqondeni okunzulu kwe-bioeletta.Uvavanyo lukaGanti kunye nemilenze ye-rog ityhila ukuba izicubu zezilwanyana zinokuvelisa imibane, awayibiza ngokuba "ngumbane wezilwanyana."Ukwakha kwiziphumo zikaGalvani, i-Alessandro Volta iphuhlise imfumba ye-voltaic ngo-1800, ibhetri yokuqala yokwenyani.Imfumba ye-voltaic isebenzise ezinye iidiski zesilivere kunye ne-zinc, ezahlulwe ngezinto ezinamatsontshi zifakwe kwisisombululo samanzi anetyiwa, senza umbane oqinileyo.Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kaVolta ovavanyo kunye neziphumo eziboniswe kwiRoyal Society yaseLondon, ikhupha uphando olubanzi kwindalo yombane kunye nezicelo ezinokubakho.

Inkcazo yamandla emichiza

Amandla ekhemikhali yenye yeendlela ezintanda eziPhambili ezintandathu: Umbane, ukuqaqamba, i-thermal, kunye nenyukliya.Ngelixa kukho ezinye iindlela ezinje nge-elektroniki, isandi, kunye ne-electromagnetic, amandla eekhemikhali ikakhulu zidibanisa ezi zithandathu.Olu phawu lunika amandla ukuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.Ilungele ukwenza umsebenzi, nto leyo, kwimibandela yesayensi, kuthetha ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze ususe into ngaphezulu komgama.Amandla amandla eekhemikhali akhupha amandla xa amandla emichiza asabela.Kwinqanaba lemolekyuli, amandla emichiza ahlala ehleli kwibhondi yeendlela zemichiza.Ngexesha lokusabela, ezi molekyuli zinxibelelana, ezinokubangela izinto ezintsha kunye nokukhupha amandla, ezinokuthi zifakwe umsebenzi kwaye zisetyenziselwe umsebenzi.Umzekelo, amanzi abilayo afumana ubushushu kwindawo yokuphendula e-Endothermic, ijika ulwelo lube ngumphunga.Kwelinye icala, xa i-steam iphinda ibuyele kulwelo, ikhupha ubushushu kwindawo yokuphendula.Lo mjikelo uphezulu wokungena kunye nokukhutshwa ibonisa indima enkulu yamandla ekhemikhali kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimihla ngemihla ukuya phambili.

Umzobo 2: i-endothermic reaction vsformic yokuphendula

Xa uqhwada umdlalo, ukuxabana kuvelisa ubushushu obaneleyo ukuqala impendulo yekhemikhali kwinkampani yentloko yomdlalo.Oku kusabela kukhupha amandla njengobushushu kunye nokukhanya, ukubonisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla emichiza ngokwasemsebenzini onokusebenza.Kwimizimba yethu, amandla emichiza ekutyeni kuguqula i-kinetic amandla okwenza intshukumo kunye namandla e-thermal yelondolozo lobushushu bomzimba.Iibhetri zigcina amandla emichiza eguqula ngokwamandla ombane kwizixhobo zamandla.Ibhetri ye-smartphone, umzekelo, inemigqaliselo yemichiza engenanzele impendulo elawulwayo xa isetyenziswa, ukukhulula amandla axhasa isixhobo.Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenza kwemicroscopic ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okungaguqukiyo nothembekileyo.Sebenzisa amandla ekhemikhali kubandakanya ukuqonda nokulawula ezi zinto zokuphucula ukusebenza nokhuseleko.Kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweqondo lobushushu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo ziyafuneka ukonyusa igalelo lamandla ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko.Kuphando lwezenzululwazi, ukuvavanywa kweecomples ezahlukeneyo kungaphuhlisa izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina amandla, njengeebhetri ezimkileyo ezinamaxesha aphezulu kunye namaxesha okubetha.Ukuqonda okuthe kratya kunye nokuqhelisela iinkqubo zamandla eekhemikhali ziyafuneka kwinkqubela phambili enkulu yezobuchwephesha kunye nezicelo zemihla ngemihla, zibonisa impembelelo enkulu yolu hlobo lwamandla kwihlabathi.

Ukuvelisa umbane ukusuka kwi-Sokia

Umzobo 3: Inkqubo yokuphendula yekhemikhali ivelisa umbane

Imfumba yeVoltaic - kunye ne-Enternation yayo kunye ne-SINC yahlulwahlulwa nge-porous ye-porous etyhelwe ngamanzi atyhutywe, ingumzekelo kwimigaqo ephambili yokuvelisa umbane ngokusabela kwimichiza.I-terminal yesilivere isebenza njengombane ofanelekileyo, ngelixa isiphelo se-zinc sisebenza njenge-electrode engalunganga.Uphuculo lukaVolta ekusebenziseni iipleyiti zobhedu kunye ne-zinc kwisona sisombululo se-LYE, sabonisa ukuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.Iseli yemichiza, iyunithi engundoqo yemveliso yombane, isebenza ngokugcina i-voltage phantse i-voltages eqhubekayo nge-encrodes ezimbini ze-encroded zantywila kwisisombululo se-acidic okanye i-alkaline.Iseli eqhelekileyo yemichiza inokusebenzisa ubhedu kunye ne-zinctrodes kwisisombululo se-LYE.Iiseli ezininzi zenza ibhetri, esebenza njengomthombo wombane ocacileyo (DC), ukuguqula amandla emichiza kumandla ombane.Uqwalaselo-uthotho okanye ngokuhambelana ne-voltage kunye nemveliso yangoku.Kwingcetywe, i-voltatings yeseli nganye yongeza, ngelixa ihambelana, iisijelo zidibanisa, ukugcina i-vowtage engaguqukiyo.

Ukusebenza kweseli yekhemikhali kuqala ngokuntywiliselwa kwee-elektroniki kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwi-electrolyte (enokuba yi-acid, i-alkaline, okanye i-alkaline, okanye i-molekyuli kunye neemolekyuli zenziwe ngombane ezibizwa ngokuba zii-Ion,Ukuseka ibhalansi ye-ionic kwisisombululo.Xa i-ZINCODRERODERODERERODERDERODERDERDE ingene kwi-electrolyte, inyibilikisile ngokuyinxenye, ivelisa i-zinc ye-zinc ebizekileyo ye-zinc kwaye ishiya i-inin ye-zinc kwaye ishiya i-elektroniki i-elektrode kwi-elektrode-ukudala intlawulo engentle.I-elecliptrode yobhedu kwisisombululo esifanayo itsala i-hydrogen i-hydrogen i-hydrogen, ingabathanga kunye nokwakha amaqabu yegesi ye-hydrogen.Oku kudibana kuvelisa amandla ombane phakathi kwe-electrode.Ubungakanani obunokubakho, malunga ne-1.08 volts kwiseli ye-zinc, ixhomekeke kwizinyithi ezisetyenzisiweyo.Oku kunokubakho kugcinwa ngokuphendula okuqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubeka komthwalo de umthwalo uxhunyiwe, uvumele i-elektroni ukuba ihambe ukusuka kwi-zenc ye-zinc ye-zenc ye-lectrode ye-Ectrode kwi-elektrode yobhedu.Okokugqibela, ukuvelisa umbane wangoku.

Ukwakha kunye nokusebenza kweseli yemichiza enjalo kufuna ingqalelo efanelekileyo kwiinkcukacha.Umqhubi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ubunyulu bentsimbi kunye nobungakanani obufanelekileyo, balungiselele ngokuchanekileyo isisombululo se-electrolyte, kwaye baqokelele ngenyameko amacandelo.Oku kukuthintela imijikelezo emifutshane kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.Umzekelo, xa uhlanganisana imfumba ye-voltaic, into ephosakeleyo mayibulawe ngamanzi e-ityiwa ukuze ilondoloze impumelelo engaguqukiyo phakathi kweendawo.Ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwabaqhubi kwisiphelo ngasinye siyafuneka kwiziphumo zombane ezizinzileyo.Le migaqo yandisa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zanamhlanje kunye neenkqubo.Umzekelo, iibhetri zebhetri kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zifuna ukuba zilungelelanise iiseli ze-piteyuli, zigcina uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye zikhusele lonke uqhagamshelo lwentsebenzo ethembekileyo.Kwiseto semizi-mveliso, ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga nobushushu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo ngexesha lokusebenza kweeseli zekhemikhali ilungele ukwandiswa kwemveliso yamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.Ukuqonda nokulawula ezi nkcukacha zingasebenzi kakuhle kuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zokuguqulwa kwamandlakhecimikhali - zibalaselisa indima yazo ekugxeni uluhlu lwetekhnoloji.

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla emichiza kwi-elektroniki yemihla ngemihla

Umzobo 4: Amandla emichiza aguqulwe kwi-elektroniki yemihla ngemihla

Ukuguqula amandla emichiza kumandla ombane ngeeseli kunye neebhetri zilungele i-elektroniki yanamhlanje.Le teknoloji, ivelise kwi-1830 yeTemigraph kwi-1830s, yanyusa imveliso yebhetri yentengiso, iyiguqule ibe ngumzi mveliso ongenantlonelo.Ngo-1870s, iibhetri ziphethe iintsimbi zombane, kwaye nge-1900, imveliso yeFlashlight yabona ngaphezulu kweebhetri ezizigidi ezibini ezenziwe ngonyaka.Le ntshukumo yetekhnoloji iqhubekile, kunye neebhetri ziba yimbindini yezicelo ezininzi zesivumelwano.Namhlanje, iibhetri zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo.Ukusebenza kwebhetri kubandakanya amanyathelo antsonkothileyo, nganye ifuna ukuba ngokuchanekileyo nangokuqonda.Xa uqala i-injini yokudibana yangaphakathi, ibhetri yemoto ibonelela ngamandla ombane ukuze alawule i-Starter motor kunye ne-injini.Oku kufuna ibhetri ukugcina isityholo esizinzileyo, sifezekisiwe ngolondolozo olufanelekileyo kwimigangatho ye-electrolyte kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo-olukhuselekileyo - ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.

I-Ofskli enikwe amandla ebhetri isetyenziswa ngokubanzi apho i-injini ye-injini yokuphelisa injini ibeka umngcipheko wezempilo.Ezi bheries kufuneka zibekwe rhoqo kwaye zihlolwe ukunxiba okanye ukonakala.Abachwepheshe balandela i-protocol eneenkcukacha: Ukujonga amanqanaba e-goltage, ukuhlolwa kwe-elektrolyte, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokutshaja zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo.Oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngononophelo kuqinisekisa ukuba iifolokhwe zihlala zinokuthenjwa kwaye zikhuselekile.Ukuphuhlisa iibhetri ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi zombane (i-EVs) yindawo yophando ebalulekileyo.Ezi bheli zifuna ukutya okuphambili kunye nokwenza izinto ezichanekileyo zokufezekisa uxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye neepasile ezinde.Abaphandi kunye neenjineli zisebenza ekuphuculeni izixhobo ze-Monode kunye ne-AMOde -Ukusebenza ngokuqulunqwa kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwe-irmal ukunqanda ukwanda kwebhedi.Izixhobo zeaudio eziphathwayo, njengoPhepheli beCD, kunye nee-elektroniki zanamhlanje njengee-smartphones kunye neelaptops, zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiibhetri.Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kubandakanya ukuqonda imigaqo yolawulo lwebhetri ukukhulisa ubomi kunye nokusebenza.Umzekelo, abasebenzisi kufuneka baphephe ukukhutshwa okunzulu kwaye balandele imijikelezo enokutsha yokutshaja ukuze ugcine impilo yebhetri.Abavelisi basebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri (ii-BMs) ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula imeko yentlawulo, ubushushu, kunye nempilo yebhetri.

Kwangokunjalo, i-Butterries Amandla afunekayo imisebenzi kwii-Wristuswatches kunye neekhompyuter zedesktop-Ukugcina ixesha kunye nememori imisebenzi nokuba amandla aphambili acinyiwe.Kwi-WristatWatches, ibhetri kufuneka iqulethwe kodwa inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale iminyaka.Inkqubo yendibano ibandakanya ukubeka ibhetri encinci kwicandelo layo kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nokusekisha ngaphakathi ngaphandle komonakalo.Iikhompyuter ze-laptop zingenza ngokupheleleyo kumandla ebhetri, iphakamisa indima enkulu yokuguqula yamandla ekhemikhali ekunikezeleni ukuhamba.Ukudibana kweebhetri ze-Iptop ngaphezulu kubandakanya ukucwangcisa iiseli kwi-compact kunye nohlengahlengiso olusebenzayo.Ezi bheli zihlala zibekwe esweni yi-BMS ukuba ihlawulise intlawulo kunye nokugada imijikelezo ukuthintela ukubambisa kwaye kwandise ubomi bebhetri.Abasebenzisi kufuneka balandele iinkqubo ezithile zokutshaja, ngokungathi zikuphepha ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kungashiyi i-laptop exutyulwe ngokuqhubekayo, ukugcina ukusebenza kwebhetri.Indaleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri kugxininisa ifuthe lenguquko yokuguqulwa kwamandla emichiza kwi-elektroniki yemihla ngemihla.Ukusuka kwiinkqubo ze-telegran zokuqala ezizixhobo zeTelegraphy zanamhlanje, ukugcina kwaye ukukhulula amandla ombane ngokusebenzisa i-PAPECY iqhuba ukusebenza kwetekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusebenzisa amandla emichiza yombane

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emichiza wokuvelisa umbane, ngokuyintloko ngeebhetri kunye neeseli zepetroli, inefuthe elibalulekileyo lokusingqongileyo, zombini ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kuyafuneka ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Iimpembelelo ezilungileyo zokusingqongileyo.Esona sibonelelo siphambili sokusebenzisa amandla emichiza (ngakumbi ngendlela yeebhetri) kukuncitshiswa kwemveliso yegesi eluhlaza xa kuthelekiswa neeflues zefosili zemveli.Izithuthi zombane (i-EVs) zixhotyiswe ziibhetri ze-lilium-ion ivelise imveliso ye-Irotium, ngokumangalisayo ukungcola komoya kunye negalelo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini.Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ahlaziyiweyo usebenzisa iibhetri zekhemikhali zinokugcina kwaye zithumele umbane oveliswe kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo efana neSolar nomoya.Ukwenza amandla angaguqukiyo kunye athembekileyo ahlaziyekayo.

Impembelelo ezimbi zendalo.Ngaphandle kwezi zibonelelo, kukho iinkxalabo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo ezinxulunyaniswa nemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kweebhetri.Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo njengeLithium, i-Cobabalt, kunye ne-nickel, ilungele ukuvelisa ibhetri, kunokukhokelela ekungcoleni kwendalo esingqongileyo.Ukusebenza kwemigodi kuhlala kuxhomekeka kwintshabalalo yendawo yokuhlala, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.Ngapha koko, ezi zixhobo ziyintloko, kwaye ukungathobeli kwabo akusoloko kuzinza.Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhetri ngokwayo ayinamandla kwaye inokuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma enkulu.Iifektri ezivelisa iibhetri zisebenzisa izixa ezikhulu zamandla, zihlala zivela kwimithombo engahlaziyiweyo, ekhokelela kwikhabhoni ephezulu yekhabhoni.Yintoni engakumbi, inkqubo yemveliso ibandakanya iichemicals eziyingozi, ukuba azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, zingakhokelela kungcoliseko lwendalo.

Ukulahla kunye nokurisayikilisha imiceli mngeni.Ukulahla kwebhetri yokuphela kobomi kuzisa omnye umngeni onyanisekileyo wokusingqongileyo.Iibhetri zinezinto eziyityhefu ezifana nokukhokela, i-cadmium, kunye ne-asidi.Oku kunokukhukuliseka emhlabeni nasemanzini ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokufanelekileyo.Ukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kwiibhetri kwi-Landfill kunokukhokelela kungcoliseko lwendalo kunye nengozi kwimpilo yabantu.Iibhetri zokuphinda zisebenzise inyathelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ezi mpembelelo zimbi.Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze inzima kwaye ayiphunyeziwe ngumntu wonke.Ngelixa ukurisayikilisha kwakhona kunokuphinda ufumane izinto ezixabisekileyo kwaye unciphise isidingo soMgangatho woMbala oPhezulu, ihlala ixabisa kakhulu kunye nomceli mngeni.Imimandla emininzi ingenaziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo, ezikhokelela kumazi aphantsi okutsha kwaye iqhubekile kwimo eyenzakalisayo yokulahlwa kwebhetri engalunganga.

Ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zendalo.Iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zokusebenzisa amandla emichiza yombane.I-Innovations kwitekhnoloji yebhetri Injongo yokunciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto ezinqabileyo nenetyhefu, ukonyusa ukuxinenena kwamandla, kunye nokuphucula ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona.Umzekelo, abaphandi baphonononge ezinye iindlela ezinjengeebhetri eziqinileyo ze-State kunye neLithium-i-lilfuur Biteries, ethembise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nefuthe elingaphantsi kwendalo.Oorhulumente kunye neenkokheli zeshishini basebenzela ukuphucula iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokurisayikilisha kwaye baphumeze imigaqo ekhuthaza ukulahlwa kwezinto kunye nokurisayikilisha iibhetri.Iphulo lokufundisa loluntu linokudlala indima ekufundiseni abathengi malunga nokubaluleka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukuguqulwa kwamandla amachiza aqaqambe kakhulu kubume bezobuchwephesha - ukusuka kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala ne-galvani kunye ne-volta kwizicelo zale mihla kwi-elektroniki yemihla ngemihla.Ngokucebisa ngemithetho-siseko yokuphendula kweekhemikhali kwaye ngokudibeneyo ukulawula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanyekileyo, siphuhlise izisombululo zokugcina amandla athembekileyo njengebhetri kulawulo oluninzi lwezixhobo.Olu hambo lugxininisa amandla eguquko lwamandla eekhemikhali ekuqhubeni i-Innovation, ekwandiseni ukusebenza, kwaye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla kuluntu lwexeshana.Njengoko uphando luyaqhubeka ukutyhala imida yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nomthamo, ikamva lokuguqulwa kwamandla emichiza lithembisa inkqubela phambili enkulu.Qiniseka ukuba le fomu yamandla ihleli imangalisa inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji nobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo [i-FAQ]

1. Iibhetri ziguqula njani amandla emichiza kumandla ombane?

Iibhetri ziguqula amandla amachiza kumandla ombane ngokuphendula kwe-elektroniki.Ngaphakathi kwibhetri, zimbini ii-electrodes: i-anode kunye nenkohliso, zahlukaniswe yi-electrolyte.Xa ibhetri iqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo, impendulo yekhemikhali yenzeka phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-electrolyte, ukukhulula ii-elektroni.Ezi zetroli ziphuma kwisekethe yangaphandle kwi-Mathode, ivelisa umbane wangoku onika isixhobo.I-electrolyte iququzelela ukuhamba kwee-ion ngaphakathi kwebhetri ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwee-elektroni.Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka de ii-respaeds ziphelelwe, apho ibhetri kufuneka iphinde itshiswe okanye itshintshwe.

2. Inokwenzeka kangakanani inkqubo yokuguqula amandla amachiza ukuya kumandla ombane?

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula amandla ekhemikhali kumandla ombane kwiibhetri kuyahluka kodwa ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-90%.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-70% ukuya kwi-90% yamandla emichiza aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane, ngelixa ezinye zilahlekile njengobushushu.Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle zibandakanya uhlobo lwebhetri, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.Iibhetri zeLithium-ion, ngoko, zaziwa ngokusebenza kakuhle kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-elektroniki yombane kunye nezithuthi zombane.Nangona kunjalo, zonke iibhetri zifumana ilahleko yamandla ngenxa yokungaxhathisi sangaphakathi kunye nezinye izinto, ezinciphisa kancinci impumelelo.

3. Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwamandla amachiza kwiibheji kunye neeseli zepetroli?

Zombini iibhetri kunye neeseli zepetroli ziguqula amandla emichiza kumandla ombane, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.Iibhetri zigcina amandla emichiza kwiiseli zabo kwaye bayikhuphe ngokusebenzisa izinto zangaphakathi.Ziyinkqubo ezinazo ezinokubakho zinokuphinda ziphinde ziphinde zisetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi.Iiseli zepetroli, kwelinye icala, ngokuqhubekayo ziguqula amandla emichiza ukusuka kumthombo wamafutha angaphandle (njenge hydrogen) kumbane.Bafuna ukuhanjiswa rhoqo kwepetroli kunye neoksijini ukuze uqhubeke nokufaka amandla.Ngelixa iibhetri zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo eziphathwayo nezincinci, iiseli zepetroli zihlala zisetyenziselwa iimfuno ezinkulu nezingapheliyo, ezinje ngezithuthi kunye namandla amanyathelo.

4. Zeziphi iintsilelo zokusebenzisa amandla emichiza njengomthombo wamandla ombane?

Sebenzisa amandla emichiza njengomthombo wamandla ombane anemida emininzi.Okokuqala, ubungakanani beebhetri ziyimpumelelo, intsingiselo bafuna ukwenziwa kwakhona okanye kuthathelwe indawo ekupheliswe.Oku kunokuba yinto engalunganga kwizicelo ezifuna amandla ahlala ixesha elide.Okwesibini, ukuvelisa kunye nokulahlwa kweebhetri kunokubeka iingxaki zendalo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziyityhefu kunye nokubanakho ukungcoliseka.Ukongeza, iibhetri zine-Limespan encinci, ngokufuthi ifuna ukutshintshwa emva kwenani elithile lemijikelezo ehlawulwayo.Imvakalelo yobushushu lolunye mbandela;Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokuchaphazela intsebenzo yebhetri kunye ne-wospan.Okokugqibela, ngelixa kusenziwa inkqubela phambili, ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ibhetri kusemva kwezinye iindlela zokugcina amandla, ezinjengefossil fuels.

5. Amandla amaqhina esebenza ixesha elingakanani ngamandla eekhemikhali okokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba afune ukuphinda afune okanye athathe indawo?

Ixesha elixhotywe ngamandla amachiza linokuhlala ngaphambi kokufuna ukuphinda isebenze okanye libekwe endaweni lilonke, kubandakanya ibhetri, ukusetyenziswa kwento yebhetri, kunye nomthamo webhetri.Umzekelo, i-smartphone nebhetri ye-lithium-ion inokuhlala usuku olugcweleyo kwintlawulo eyodwa esetyenziswayo, ngelixa i-smartwatch inokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi.Izixhobo ezinkulu, njengezithuthi zombane, zinokuhamba iikhilomitha zemayile kwintlawulo enye.Nangona kunjalo, njengeebhetri, amandla abo ayaphela, ukunciphisa ixesha phakathi kweendleko.Iibhetri ezinokuphinda zisebenze zihlala zinobomi obuthile amawaka anamawaka ambalwa amawaka amawaka ngaphambi kokuba intsebenga yazo ihlazisa kakhulu.