Isikhokelo sombumbi
2024-04-18 11831

Abaphathi, obuqhelekileyo bafinyeziwe njengo "R," zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuhamba kwangoku kwisebe lesekethe, ekwenzeni amaxabiso okuxhathisa izigqibo kunye neendlela ezimbini.Eli nqaku liza kuqhubeka kwiindidi zokuhlawula, iisimboli, neendlela zokubonisa ukubonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu kweli candelo.Masiqalise!

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, abaqeqesha bahlala bebizwa ngokuba yinkcaso.Ezi macandelo zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umda wokuhamba kwangoku kwisebe lesekethe, kwaye zeza nexabiso lokuchasana nezimiselo kwaye zihlala zimbini.Abaqeqeshi abasisigxina banexabiso elixhaphakileyo, ngelixa i-potiloutters okanye abaqengqelekayo banokuhlengahlengiswa.Ngokufanelekileyo, abaqeqeshayo banomgca, othetha ukuba ngephanyazo okwangoku ngokusebenzisa isitayile silungelelaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-voltage yephanyano.Abaphathi abaguqukayo basetyenziswa rhoqo kwicandelo le-voltage, elibandakanya ukuhlengahlengisa ukuchasana nokuhambisa abafowunelwa bensimbi okanye ezimbini ezishukumayo ecaleni kwento enganyayo.

Abaphengululi baguqula amandla ombane kubushushu obufumileyo, ebonisa iimpawu zabo ezisasazekileyo, ngelixa bedlala iindima kwicandelo le-voltage kunye nokuhanjiswa okwangoku kwisekethe.Nokuba yimiqondiso ye-AC okanye ye-DC, abaqeqeshayo banokudlulisela kwezi zinto zisebenza kakuhle.Isimboli sokurhoxa ngu "R," kwaye iyunithi yayo yi-OHM (ω), enezinto eziqhelekileyo ezinjengeebhalbhu zokukhanya okanye iingcingo zokufudumeza zikwathathela ingqalelo abagxothisileyo.Ukongeza, ubungakanani bokuxhathisa buchaphazelekile yimpahla, ubude, ubushushu, kunye nendawo enqumlayo.Iqondo lokushisa elisebenzayo lichaza ukuba indlela yokuxhathisa ngayo iqondo lokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu, ichazwe njenge-pesenti yokutshintsha kwesidanga ngasinye seCelsius.

Abaqeqesha bahluka ngokusekwe kwizixhobo zabo, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokusebenza, kwaye banokwahlulwa kubaninzi kwiindidi eziphambili.Abaqeqeshi abasisigxina banexabiso lokuchasana nexabiso elingenakutshintshwa, kubandakanywa abaqeqeshekiyo iifilimu ze-carbon, oophindisi befilimu, kunye nabaphathi be-wire.

Abaphengululi befilimu ye-Carbon yenziwa ngokufaka ungqimba lwekhabhoni kwintonga ye-ceramic ngokusebenzisa ubushushu beqondo lobushushu, ehlengahlengisa ixabiso lokutshintsha kobunzima be-carbon, okanye ngokusika iGrooves.Aba baqeqesha banikezela ngeenqobo zokuxhathisa izithembiso, iimpawu eziphezulu zexesha eliphakamileyo, kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi.Zingasebenzi kakuhle kwiindleko eziphakathi kwi-elektroni yokuphela kwamandla kunye neereyithisi zamandla ezivela kwi-1 / 8w ukuya kwi-2w, ilungele iindawo ezingaphantsi kwama-70 ° C.

I-Altrorho yefilimu, eyenziwe kwi-Nickel-Chromium Alloys, yaziwa ngamaqondo abo aphantsi komhlaba, uzinzo oluphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka, okubenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwi-125 ° C.Bavelisa ingxolo esezantsi kwaye bahlala besetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza, ezinje kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

I-Wirewouds Regauns yenziwa yi-windows yentsimbi yomoya ejikeleze i-core kwaye ixabisiwe ngenxa yokuchaneka kwabo kunye nokuzinza kwabo, kufanelekile ukuba kubekho izicelo eziphezulu.

Abaphathi abaguqukiyo, amaxabiso ayo anokuhlengahlengiswa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo, bandakanya ijikelezo, isilayidi, kunye nedijithali yedijithali, esebenzayo yokulawula iiparamitha zesekethe.

Abaphengutyeli obukhethekileyo, njengeentlobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu okanye ezibuthathaka, nikezela imisebenzi ethile yokusebenza ngokutshintsha kwendalo esingqongileyo okanye ukukhusela isekethe.

Aba baqengqelekayo abahlukeneyo benza usapho oluguquguqukayo, hlanganisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nemeko yesicelo.

Ukuxhathisa (ukumelana) kuchazwa ngoonobumba r, kunye neyunithi yeyunithi (ohm,), ichazwe njengomlinganiso wevoti kwi-Ampere (1V / A).Ubukhulu bokuxhathisa kubonisa isidanga apho umqhubi ojonge khona ngombane, kunye nefomula yomthetho ye-OHM: U / R, ebonisa ukuba okwangoku ngumsebenzi wevolthi kunye nokuxhathisa.

Iiyunithi zokuchasana ziquka iikhilogomms (kω) kunye ne-megahms (Mω), nge-1mω ilingana ne-1 yezigidi ze-Gigahms (Gω) kwi-gerahms (i-gimbahihms ezingamawaka, ngokulandelelana.

Kwimizobo yesekethe, amaxabiso okunyangeka amelwe kukuphawula "r" elandelwa linani elibonisa amanani okuchasana nokuchasana nokuchaneka.Umzekelo, i-R10 ibonisa umkhuseli we-10.Uxinzelelo luhlala lubonakaliswa njengepesenti, njenge ± 1%, ± 5%, njl njl, ukubonakalisa okona kuphambuka kwexabiso.

Iimodeli zokuhambisa kwakhona zinokubandakanya izichazi zezinto ezizezixhobo kunye neempawu zetekhnoloji, zincedise ekukhetheni ngokuchanekileyo kwabaqengqelekayo.Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa ezinye iisimboli kunye neentsingiselo ezinxulumene neemodeli zokuhambisa kunye nezixhobo, ziyanceda ukucacisa ukuqonda kwethu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zabaqengqelekayo obuqhelekileyo zibandakanya uzinzo oluphezulu, ukuchaneka kunye nokuphatha amandla.Uzinzo lubhekisa kubuchule bokugcina ixabiso lokunganyangeki phantsi kweemeko ezithile, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwi-Destiches yeZixhobo kunye neTekhnoloji yokupakisha.Ukuchaneka kubonakalisa ukuphambuka kwexabiso lokuchasana nexabiso layo elichanekileyo, kunye namabakala aqhelekileyo echanekileyo 1%, 5%, kunye ne-10% yabaqeqeshwayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisekethe elichanekileyo.

Umthamo ophetheyo ubonakalisa owona mandla aphezulu anokulawula, ngemigangatho efana ne-1 / 4w, 1/1 / 2w, njl njl.

Ukongeza, uphawu lwendlela yokuphinda-phinda luchaza ukuba indlela yokuchasana nexabiso lokungaxhathisi kunye nendlela yokubonisa umqondiso, ebaluleke kakhulu kuyilo lwesekethe olukhulu.Iimpawu ezithandekayo zenziwe rhoqo zithetha ukuba umxhasi unokugcina intsebenzo ezinzileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya.

Njengoko sibona, abaqeqeshwa abaqhelekileyo babonakaliswa zizizinza eziphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, amandla okuphatha amandla aphezulu, kunye neempawu ezintle zendlela.Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisekethe ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki, okwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesekethe.

Abaqeqeshi abasisigxina bamelwe kwimizobo yesekethe ngokuphawula ngokulula, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:

Imigca eyadlulayo kwizinto zombini zophawu olumele iminqwazi yokudibanisa ukuqeqesha.Lo mzobo omiselweyo wenze lula ukubonakaliswa kobunzima bendawo yokugcina izinto, ukuqhuba ukufundwa kunye nokuqonda kwemizobo yesekethe.

Abaphathi abaguqukayo kwiyilo yesekethe baboniswa ngokongeza utolo ukuya kumzobo omiselweyo omiselweyo ukubonisa ukuba ukuxhathisa kwabo kungalungiswa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo zokuhlawula:

Esi simboli ngokucacileyo sahlula phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezimbini ezisisigxina kunye nePIN enye eshukumayo (i-Wiper), i-RP "iphantsi" ye "RP" zabaqengqelekayo.Umzekelo wophawu lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ngokwesintu, obonisa ngokuchasene nohlengahlengiso lokunyangeka kunye nonxibelelwano lwayo lokwenyani, luboniswe apho i-pin ye-Wiper ixhuma khona kwenye yezikhonkwane ezisisigxina, ngokujikelezayo okunempumelelo kweyona nto ifanelekileyolungisa ixabiso lokuchasana.

Olunye uphawu olubonisiweyo apha ngezantsi lusetyenziselwa i-potisometer, apho umthi womthi oguquguqukayo unezipina ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, ebonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelo nemisebenzi:

Abaqeqeshi besenziweyo luhlobo olukhethekileyo lomvuzo oguquguqukayo olwenzelwe ukumisela amaxabiso athile kwisekethe.Aba baphumeleleyo bahlengahlengiswa ngesiCrewdwriver, ngaba kusebenza iindleko, kwaye ke kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi ze-elektroniki ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokomeleza ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.

Abaphathi besenzi bungalungelelanisi i-themothi yesekethe kodwa ikwakhusela ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezibuthathaka kwisekethe, njengamandla kunye nabafowunelwa be-DC.Benza oku ngokunciphisa umda wemijikelezo ephezulu yokutshaja enokwenzeka enamandla, ekuthinteleni ngokugqithisileyo okwangoku okunokubangela umonakalo we-canocio kunye nokungaphumeleli.Isimboli sokurhoxa kwesicelo siboniswe ngezantsi:

Ekwakhiweni kwee-potiometters, inqaku elixhaphakileyo lihlala livezwe, kwaye lixhotywe ngonxibelelwano olunye okanye ezimbini zensimbi.Isikhundla sabafowunelwa kwinqaku elixhaphakileyo limisela ukumelana nesiphelo sezinto kubafowunelwa, ngenxa yoko ichaphazela i-voltage yemveliso.Kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, eziphonelweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe yinqwelwana ye-wire, i-carbon film, kunye neendidi eziqinileyo.Ngaphaya koko, iibhlomelo zinokuhlelwa zifakwe kwizinto ezinamacandelo kunye no-logarithmic ngokusekwe kubudlelwane phakathi kwemveliso kunye ne-voltage yevoti kunye ne-voltimere kunye ne-angle yokujikeleza;Iindidi zomgca zitshintsha i-voltage yemveliso nge-angle yokujikeleza, ngelixa iintlobo ze-logorithmic zitshintsha i-voltage yemveliso kwifashoni ye-nonline.

Iiparamitha eziphambili ziquka ixabiso lokunyangwa, ukunyamezelana kunye nexabiso eliqingqiweyo.Isimboli esibalulekileyo se-potikometer yi "RP", apho "r" imele ukuchasana nesimamva "p" ibonisa uhlengahlengiso.Abasetyenziswa kuphela njengamasahlulo eVolvage kodwa kunye nokuhlengahlengisa inqanaba lamandla eentloko ze-larer.Ngokulungelelanisa indlela yokutyibilika okanye indlela yokujikeleza, i-voltage phakathi koQhakamshelwano kunye nabafowunelwa abasisigxina zinokutshintshwa ngokusekwe kwindawo, eyenza i-potiometers efanelekileyo yokuhlengahlengisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-voltage kwisekelo.

Abaguquleli beza ngeendlela ezimbini: amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo (i-PTC) kunye neqondo lokushisa elingalunganga (NTC).Izixhobo ze-PTC zinokungaxhathisi obuphantsi kubushushu obuqhelekileyo (ii-ohms ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi ohms) kodwa zinokunyuka ngamakhulu amakhulu okanye amawaka eemoto eziphezulu, uqhekezelwe kwizithuthi,kunye nemijikelezo ye-fuse.Ngokuchaseneyo, izixhobo ze-NTC ezibonisa ukuxhathisa phezulu kubushushu obuqhelekileyo (amashumi amashumi kumawaka ee-OHMS) kwaye kuncitshiswe ngokukhawuleza njengoko iqondo lesakhiwo le-SHERSTEL, le-chaistor yokuLawula i-Elect Act (njenge-air conditioners kunye neefriji).

Ukuchasana kwabafotwabisi kuxhomekeka ngokungakhathali kubunzulu bokukhanya.Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuxhathisa kwabo kunokuba phezulu kwiiti ze filoohms kubumnyama, kwaye kwehla ukuya kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kwishumi leemashumi aphezulu kwiimeko zokukhanya.Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiiSwitches ezinokulawulwa, zibala iisekethe, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukukhanya.

Ii-faristors zisebenzisa i-nortage yazo ye-nonline-proitrications yokukhuselwa kwe-voltage kwisekethe, i-Conpming, kwaye ithathe i-voltages egqithisileyo ukukhusela izinto ezibuthathaka.Aba baqeqesha bahlala benziwa kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor of i-zinc oxide (i-Zno), ngexabiso lokuxhathisa eziqhubeka nevolthi esetyenzisiweyo, esetyenziselwa ukufunxa i-spikes ye-voltage.

Abaphengululi-buthongo-suhridity basebenze ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zokufuma e-hygroscopic (njenge-lithium hlorigh okanye i-orlymer yefilimu), kunye nokuxhathisa imilinganiselo yokwanda kwendalo.Aba baqeqesha basetyenziswa kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso ukubeka esweni nokulawula umonakalo wokusingqongileyo.

Abaphathi begesi evakalayo baguqula izinto ezifunyenweyo zegesi kunye nokugxila kwimiqondiso yombane, ngokuyintloko kuthathwe i-oxide yentsimbi ye-oxconturs enokuthi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde i-geox igesi.Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwi-alarm zokuhlola okusingqongileyo kunye nezokhuseleko ukuze zikwazi ukugxila kweegesi eziyingozi kunye nokungcolisa.

Abaphengululi baseMagneto batshintsha ukuxhathisa kwabo ukuphendula i-ariat i-Ions kwimazi yemagnethi yangaphandle, isimilo esaziwa ngokuba sisiphumo seMagnetorestist.Ezi macandelo zibonelela ngengxelo ebaluleke ngakumbi yokulinganisa amandla ombane kunye nolwalathiso, asetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwisikhundla se-Angle kunye ne-Angle.

Iindlela zokuxabiseka kwe-ressis zohlulelo ikakhulu zahlulwe ziindidi ezine: ukumakisha ngokuthe ngqo, ukumakisha okuthe ngqo, ukufaka iikhowudi zedijithali, kunye neempawu zombala, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zesazisi.

Le ndlela ibandakanya amanani aprintwayo kunye neesimboli zeyunithi (njenge ω) kumhlaba wokusela, umzekelo, "220º" ibonisa ukumelana ne-220 Ohms.Ukuba akukho ukunyamezelana okuchazwe kumthi womvuzo, ukunyamezelana okungagqibekanga kwe- ± 20% kuyacingelwa.Ukudilizwa kudla ngokumelwa ngokuthe ngqo njengeepesenti, kuvumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza.

Le ndlela isebenzisa indibaniselwano yeenombolo ze-Arabhu kunye neesimboli ezithile zokubonisa ukubonisa iinqobo zokunyangwa kunye neempazamo.Umzekelo, uphawu "105K" apho "i-105" ibonisa ixabiso lokuchasana, kwaye "k" limela ukunganyamezeli i-10%.Kule ndlela, inxalenye egxanayo yenani ibonisa ixabiso lokuchasana, kwaye isahlulo se-decimal sahlulwe kubabini abamele ukunyamezelwa, ngeesimboli zomxholo onjengamanani onyango olwahlukileyo,I-± 0.5%, ± 1%, njl.

Abaphathi bamakishwe besebenzisa ikhowudi enamanani amathathu, apho amanani amabini okuqala amele amanani aphezulu, kwaye inombolo yesithathu imele i-Exponent (inani le-zeros elilandelayo), kunye necandelo le-OHMS.Umzekelo, ikhowudi "473" kuthetha i-47 × 10 ^ 3ω okanye i-47kω.Ukunyamezelana kuqhelekileyo kuboniswe ngeesimboli zombhalo njenge-j (± 5%), kunye ne-K (± 10%).

Abaqeqesha basebenzisa imibala eyahlukeneyo yeebhendi okanye amachaphaza ukumela amaxabiso okunyangeka kunye nokuqina.Iikhowudi zemibala eqhelekileyo ibandakanya imnyama (0), i-brown (1), ibomvu (2), i-orenji (3), i-tyheli (4), iblowu (6), i-8), mhlophe (8), mhlophe(9), negolide (± 5%), isilivere (± 10%), akukho (± 20%), njl., neqela lokugqibela ukunyamezelana;Kwisitali esihlanu seqela, iibhendi ezintathu zokuqala zibonisa amanani abalulekileyo, iqela lesine Amandla alishumi, kunye neqela lesihlanu libonisa ukunganyamezeli, kunye namaqela aphakathi kunye nasekupheleni kwamaqela esihlanu.

Ukusuka kubaqeqeshi abasisigxina kubaqeqeshi abaguqukayo, kunye nabaqeqeshi abakhethekileyo, uhlobo lomxhasi ngamnye lunepropathi yayo eyodwa kunye neendawo ezinokusetyenziswa.Ngokubanzi, iyantlukwano yabaphathi kunye nemigaqo yobugcisa esemva kwayo ayikhange ibonakalise ubunzulu bobunzulu betekhnoloji yecandelo le-elektroniki kodwa ikwabonisa ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwaye ikwabonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-elektroniki.Ukuqonda iindidi, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabaqeqeshayo kubalulekile kwaye kubalulekile kubabeli besekethe kunye neengcali ze-elektroniki.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya, nceda unxibelelane nathi.

Ngokubanzi, abaqeqesha bahlala bemelwa ziimpawu ezifana ne-R, RN, i-RF, kunye ne-FS.Kwisekethe, uphawu lomthi osisigxina kunye nokurhoxisa umthi omkhulu ngu-R, kwaye uphawu lwe-potentiometer yi-RP.

Isimboli se-1 kilohm (1kω) simelwe njenge "1k" okanye "1kω".Ileta "k" ichaza iyunithi ye-SIXKe ngoko, "1Kω" ibonisa isithintelo ngexabiso lokuphinda i-Ohums ezili-1 000.

Isicelo sokurhoxa licandelo lemibane elinamacala amabini avelisa izixhobo zokunganyangeki ngendlela esekhompyuter.Kwisekethe ze-elektroniki, abaqeqeshayo basetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwangoku, kulungelelanisa amanqanaba esayizi, ukwahlula-ququ, izinto ezisebenzayo, kunye nokuyila imitya yodluliselo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.