I-SMD Diode Basics: Iintlobo zokuqonda, iiKhowudi, ukuSebenza kwe-Thermal, kunye noVavanyo
2026-05-13 92

Iidiode ze-SMD zizinto ezincinci ze-semiconductor ezilawula indlela yombane wangoku kwiisekethe zombane zanamhlanje.Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezinje ngee-smartphones, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo, iisistim zeemoto, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano kuba zixhasa uyilo lwePCB ebambeneyo kunye nokusebenza okunesantya esiphezulu.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-SMD diode zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, ukukhuselwa kokunyuka, kunye nokutshintshwa komqondiso.Ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabo kombane, ukusebenza kwe-thermal, kunye noyilo lwephakheji kubalulekile ekwakheni iinkqubo zombane ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo.

Ikhathalogu

Zintoni iiDiode zeDiode zokuMount-Mount (SMD)?

IsiXhobo sokuMount-phezulu (SMD) iidiode ngamacandelo e-compact semiconductor asetyenziselwa ukulawula isalathiso sombane wangoku kwiisekethe zombane zanamhlanje.Ngokungafaniyo nemingxunya yemveli esebenzisa iintambo zocingo ezifakwe kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCBs), iidiode ze-SMD zixhonywe ngqo PCB umphezulu usebenzisa ITekhnoloji yoMphezulu weMount (SMT).

Embindini wabo, iidiode ze-SMD zenza ngathi iivalvu zombane zendlela enye.Zivumela umsinga ukuba uqukuqele kwicala elinye ngelixa uvala umsinga ongasemva ongonakalisa izinto ezibuthathaka ze-elektroniki.

Iidiode ze-SMD zisebenza nge PN isiphambuka semiconductor isakhiwo esilawula ukuqhutywa kombane ngexesha phambili kwaye umva umkhethe iimeko.Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-diode, banokwenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yesekethe, kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-AC-to-DC, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, ukukhuselwa kwe-polarity umva, ukucinezelwa kwe-electrostatic discharge (ESD), ukutshintshwa kwesignali enesantya esiphezulu, kunye nokulungiswa kwamaza eRF.

Ngenxa yokuba ii-diode ze-SMD zisebenzisa iipakethe ezidityanisiweyo ezingenamkhokelo kunye neendlela ezimfutshane zombane, zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kokutshintsha, ukuthembeka komqondiso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kombane kuyilo lwangoku lwePCB.

IiDiode ze-SMD ziLawula njani ukuHamba kwangoku kwiiSekethe zoMbane

Umfanekiso 2

Ii-diode ze-SMD zilawula ngoku ngokuvumela ukuqhutyelwa kombane ngexesha lokuhamba phambili kunye nokuthintela okwangoku ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-bias.

Itheminali	Umsebenzi
Anode	Ungeniso lwangoku oluhle
Cathode	Ukuphuma kwangoku / icala lokuvala

Ngexesha phambili, ikhoyo ngoku iphuma kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode.Ngexesha umva umkhethe, ummandla wokunciphisa ngaphakathi kwe-PN junction uyanda kwaye uvimba ukuhamba kwangoku.

Icala le-cathode lidla ngokuchongwa nge ukuphawulwa kwemigca, ukuphawula ichaphaza, ibhendi eprintiweyo, okanye PCB silkscreen isalathisi.

Ufakelo oluchanekileyo lwe-polarity lubalulekile kuba ukuqhelaniswa kwediode engalunganga kunokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane, ukufudumeza kwecandelo, ukubuyisela umva umonakalo okhoyo, ukusilela komkhondo wePCB, kunye nokungazinzi konikezelo lwamandla ngokubanzi.

Kwi i-LED yeemoto Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, iidiode zokulungisa ezifakelweyo ngokungachanekanga zinokuvumela amandla ombane webhetri abuyele umva ukuba afikelele kwii-ICs zomqhubi obuthathaka, yiyo loo nto i-Schottky diode yokhuseleko ebuyela umva iqhele ukongezwa ukunceda ukuthintela. umonakalo we-ECU oyintlekele ngexesha lokutsiba-ukuqala okanye ukutshintshwa kwebhetri.

Kutheni iiDiode ze-SMD zikhethwa kwii-Electronics zanamhlanje

Iidiode ze-SMD zikhethwa ngokubanzi kwii-elektroniki zanamhlanje kuba zixhasa Uyilo PCB compact, ukwenziwa kwe-SMT okuzenzekelayo, Uyilo lwesixhobo esikhaphukhaphu, kwaye inokuthenjwa indibano yesiphaluka exinene kakhulu .Ubume babo bepakethe encinci bukwanceda ukuphucula uphawu lwemfezeko kunye nenkxaso ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ze-elektroniki ezixinzelelekileyo.

Embindini wabo, iidiode ze-SMD zinceda ukwenza iimveliso zombane ezincinci kunye nezisebenzayo ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza kombane.Njengoko izixhobo zale mihla ziqhubeka nokuncipha ngelixa zifuna isantya sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, iikhomponenti ze-compact semiconductor ziye zabaluleke kakhulu kuyilo lwePCB.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphuma komngxuma, iidiode ze-SMD zixhonywe ngqo kumphezulu wePCB, zivumela abavelisi ukuba bazenzele indibano besebenzisa. oomatshini abakhawulezayo bokuchola kunye nendawo.Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa, kunye nokuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zombane ezinkulu.

Ngenxa yokuba iidiode ze-SMD zisebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane zombane, nazo ziyanciphisa i-parasitic inductance kwaye amandla.Oku kuphucula isantya sokutshintsha, imfezeko yesiginali, kunye nokusebenza okuhamba rhoqo kwiisekethe zanamhlanje ze-elektroniki.

Kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zamandla aphezulu, ilahleko yamandla esezantsi inceda ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwandisa ubomi becandelo kwizixhobo zombane ezipakishwe ngokuqinileyo.

Iidiode ze-SMD zikwanceda ukuphucula ngokubanzi PCB ukuthembeka ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomatshini olubangelwa zikhokelo zocingo olude.Ubume bazo obubambeneyo bubenza bafaneleke kakhulu kuyilo lwe-elektroniki olunoxinaniso oluphezulu kunye nolwazelelelo lokungcangcazela.

Iinkqubo ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje ziyaqhubeka zithembela kwii-diode ze-SMD kuba zidibanisa ubungakanani be-compact, ukukhuselwa kombane okuthembekileyo, ukuziphatha kakuhle kokutshintsha, kunye nokuhambelana okuqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwe-PCB ezizenzekelayo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeDiode ze-SMD kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Umfanekiso 3. Iintlobo zeDiode eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiiSekethe zoMbane

Iidiode ze-SMD zifumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, ngohlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe ukwenza umsebenzi othile wombane kwiisekethe zombane.Iindima zabo zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwangoku, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, ukucinezelwa kokunyuka, ukutshintsha umqondiso, ukubonwa kokukhanya, kunye nokulungiswa kweRF.

IiDiode zokulungisa: I-Rectifier SMD diodes iguqula i-alternating current (AC) ibe yi-direct current (DC).Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiisekethe zokuguqula amandla apho kufuneka imveliso ye-DC ezinzileyo.

Schottky Diodes: Iidiode ze-Schottky SMD ziyaziwa ngokuba namandla ombane asezantsi kunye nokuziphatha kokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiisekethe zamandla eziphezulu kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo ze-elektroniki.

Zener Diodes: Iidiode ze-Zener SMD zilawula i-voltage ngokusebenza kwimowudi yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-reverse.Banceda ukugcina amanqanaba ombane azinzileyo kunye nokukhusela amacandelo abuthathaka kwiimeko zokugqithiswa kwamandla.

Ukutshintsha iiDiode: Ukutshintsha ii-diode ze-SMD zenzelwe ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-digital and high-frequency signal circuits.Ixesha labo lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza linceda ukuphucula ukusebenza komzila wesignali.

I-TVS (i-Transient Voltage Suppression) iiDiodes: Ii-diode ze-TVS SMD zikhusela iisekethe ezivela kwi-spikes ye-voltage ngokukhawuleza, i-electrostatic discharge (ESD), kunye neziganeko zokunyuka okwethutyana ezingonakalisa amacandelo e-semiconductor.

IiDiodes eziKhanyayo (iiLED): Ii-LED ze-SMD ziguqula amandla ombane ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kokukhanyisa, izikhombisi zokubonisa, kunye neenkqubo zokubuyela emva.

Iifotodiodes: Iifotodiode ziguqula ukukhanya okungenayo zibe ngumbane kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokubona ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya.

Varactor (Varicap) Diodes: Iidiode ze-Varactor ze-SMD zisebenza njenge-capacitors ezilawulwa yi-voltage ezinceda ukulungelelanisa i-frequency tuning kwi-RF kunye neesekethe zonxibelelwano.

IiDiode zetonela: Itonela ye-SMD diode zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-semiconductor ezinesantya esiphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwi-microwave, i-oscillator, kunye neenkqubo eziphambili zeRF ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.

Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa kwiiNdidi zeDiode ze-SMD ezinkulu

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-SMD diode zilungiselelwe iimfuno zombane ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesantya sokutshintsha, ulawulo lombane, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, kunye nokhuseleko lwesekethe.Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunceda ukuphucula ukhetho lwecandelo lokuzinza kwe-thermal, ukusebenza kombane, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Uphawu	Umlungisi	Schottky	Zener	TVS
Umsebenzi ongundoqo	AC/DC uguqulo	Ukukhawuleza okuphantsi-ilahleko ukutshintsha	Amandla ombane ummiselo	Surge ukhuselo
Phambili Amandla ombane	Phezulu	Phantsi	Phakathi	Iyahluka
Ukutshintsha Isantya	Phakathi	Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu	Phakathi	Ngokugqithisileyo ngokukhawuleza
Amandla Ukusebenza kakuhle	Phakathi	Phezulu	Phakathi	Ukhuseleko-lugxile
Umva Ukusetyenziswa koqhekeko	Hayi	Hayi	Ewe	Ewe
Eqhelekileyo Ukusetyenziswa kweshishini	Amandla izixhobo	Iitshaja, I-SMPS	Iintsimbi zombane	Iimoto, USB

Schottky diodes zidla ngokukhethwa kwiisekethe zokutshintsha okuhamba rhoqo ngenxa yokuba amandla ombane aphantsi ukuya phambili kunye nexesha lokubuyisela elikufutshane neqanda linceda ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu.Iimpawu zabo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza zikwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ze-electronic compact.

Kwi-compact DC-DC converters, i-Schottky diode ihlala ivelisa ilahleko yamandla asezantsi kune-standard rectifier diode ngenxa yokuba amandla ombane asezantsi anciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha lomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokutshintsha.

Iidiode zeZener zisetyenziswa ikakhulu xa ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane okuzinzileyo kunye nomsebenzi olawulwayo wokuqhekeka kwe-reverse kufuneka. Iidiode zeTVS, ngokuchaseneyo, zilungiselelwe ukucutha okwethutyana kunye nokhuseleko olukhawulezayo ngokuchasene ne-voltage spikes kunye neziganeko ze-ESD.

Iidiode zokulungisa ezisemgangathweni zifaneleke ngakumbi ukuguqulwa kwe-AC-to-DC jikelele apho ukusebenza kwe-ultra-fast switching kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-diode lubandakanya urhwebo oluthile lombane. Umzekelo, Iidiode zeSchottky zibonelela ngokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhla kwamandla ombane asezantsi, kodwa zinokuvelisa ukuvuza okuphezulu okubuyela umva kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho ehlaziyiweyo yesilicon.

Ukuqonda lo mahluko wokusebenza kunceda ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwesekethe, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-elektroniki.

Ubungakanani bePhakeji ye-SMD Diode kunye nokuSebenza kweThermal

Umzobo 4

Ubungakanani bepakethe ye-Diode ye-Surface-mount ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okuphatha angoku, ukuchithwa kwe-thermal, ukuthembeka kwe-PCB, ukutshintshela ukuzinza, kunye nokuqina koomatshini.Ukukhetha ipakethe echanekileyo kubalulekile kuba ukuphathwa kakubi kwe-thermal kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukwandisa ubushushu be-junction, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwecandelo.

Iipakethe ezincinci zediode ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-compact low-electronics, ngelixa iipakethe ezinkulu zifaneleka ngcono usetyenziso lwangoku kunye namandla aphezulu avelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha lokusebenza.

Iphakheji	Ubukhulu bangoku	Ukusebenza kweThermal	Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo
I-SOD-523	Phantsi kakhulu	Ilinganiselwe	Umqondiso ukutshintsha
I-SOD-323	Phantsi	Phakathi	Ingqiqo encinci iisekethe
I-SOD-123	Phakathi	Ngcono	Zener/umlungisi
I-SMA	Phakathi-Phezulu	Kulungile	Amandla ukulungiswa
SMB	Phezulu	Yomelele	TVS ukhuselo
SMC	Phezulu kakhulu	Egqwesileyo	Imizi-mveliso amandla

Iiphakheji ezincinci ze-SMD njenge I-SOD-523 kwaye I-SOD-323 ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-compact signal-processing kunye ne-low-current logic circuits apho isithuba se-PCB silinganiselwe.Nangona kunjalo, amandla abo okutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal aphantsi abenza ukuba bangafaneleki kakhulu kwizicelo zamandla zangoku eziphezulu.

Iiphakheji ezinkulu njenge I-SMA, SMB, kwaye SMC bonelela ngokusebenza ngamandla kwe-thermal kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha ngoku.Ummandla wabo omkhulu unceda ukusabalalisa ukushisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzile phantsi kweemeko zombane ezifunekayo.

Ukusebenza kwe-thermal kuya kubaluleke kakhulu kwiisekethe eziphezulu zangoku kunye ne-high-frequency kuba ubushushu obugqithileyo be-junction bunokunciphisa ubomi be-diode, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwe-PCB.

Kwi-compact PCB uyilo, ubushushu obuveliswe ngaphakathi kwesiphambuka se-diode kufuneka bugqithise ngokufanelekileyo kwiileya zobhedu ze-PCB.Ukuba ubushushu abukwazi ukusasazeka ngokufanelekileyo, ubushushu besiphambuka bunokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye budale ukubaleka kwe-thermal, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukungazinzi kombane wangaphambili, ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kwe-semiconductor, kunye nokusilela kwecandelo kwangaphambi kwexesha.

PCB indawo yobhedu ikwachaphazela kakhulu ukuziphatha kwe-thermal. Ukugalela ubhedu okukhulu idityaniswe kwiipadi ze-diode inceda ukusasaza ubushushu kumphezulu we-PCB, ihlise amaqondo obushushu asekuhlaleni, kunye nokuxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide.

Kwiinkqubo ze-elektroniki zamandla aphezulu, ukuzinza kwe-thermal ngokuqhelekileyo kuxhaswe ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela zobhedu ezibanzi, i-vias ye-thermal, i-multi-layer copper planes, iipakethe ezinkulu ze-diode, kunye noyilo oluphuculweyo lokuhamba komoya ukunciphisa ukufudumala kunye nokugcina ukushisa okukhuselekileyo okusebenzayo.

Ukuchithwa kwe-Thermal yenye into ebalulekileyo ekuqwalaseleni ngexesha lokukhetha i-diode.Njengoko ubushushu bokusebenza buyanyuka, ubuninzi bekhono lokuphatha olukhuselekileyo lwangoku lwe-diode luyancipha.Le ndlela yokuziphatha ethobayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukunceda ukuthintela ukutshisa kakhulu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zangempela.

Ukukhethwa kwephakheji ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ukuqina komatshini, ukuhambelana kwemveliso, kunye nokuthembeka kwesekethe ixesha elide.

Umfanekiso  5

Indlela iPCB yobhedu yendawo echaphazela ngayo ubushushu beDiode

Indawo yobhedu ye-PCB inempembelelo enamandla kwi-SMD diode yokusebenza kwe-thermal kuba umaleko wobhedu usebenza njenge isisasazi sobushushu ehambisa ubushushu kude nesemiconductor junction.

Xa ikhoyo ngoku ihamba nge-diode, ukuchithwa kwamandla kubangela ukushisa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlangana.Ukuba indawo yobhedu ejikelezileyo incinci kakhulu, ukushisa kugxininiswe kufuphi nephakheji ye-diode kwaye kwandisa ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwe-junction.

Ukugalela ubhedu okukhulu kunceda ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu ashushu, ukwandisa ukwanda kobushushu, ukuchasana kwe-thermal ephantsi,sukuxhasa uzinzo lwexesha elide, kwaye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngexesha lomsebenzi oqhubekayo.

Kwi-compact switching regulators kunye neetshaja ezikhawulezayo, indawo yobhedu engonelanga inokubangela ukuba i-Schottky diode encinci ifudumale naxa isebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yayo yangoku.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Thermal ngokuqhelekileyo kuphuculwe ngokwandisa ubungakanani bepadi yobhedu, iipadi zokudibanisa kwiinqwelomoya zobhedu zangaphakathi, kusetyenziswa iileya zobhedu ezityebileyo, kunye nokongeza i-thermal stitching vias.

Uhlalutyo lokucinga nge-Thermal luhlala lubonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kobhedu okulambathayo kudala iindawo ezishushu zengingqi kufutshane ne-diode zamandla kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha.

Umzobo 6. Ukuhamba kobushushu ukusuka kwiDiode Junction ukuya kwiPCB ngexesha lokuTyelwa kweThermal

Ukuqonda ukuxhathisa kweThermal (RθJA)

Ukumelana ne-Thermal, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe njenge I-RθJA (ukudibana-ukuya-kwi-ambient yokuchasana nobushushu), ilinganisa indlela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obusebenzayo ukusuka kwi-junction ye-semiconductor ukuya kumoya ojikelezayo.

Amaxabiso asezantsi e-RθJA abonisa amandla angcono okupholisa kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu okusebenzayo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuchithwa kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunokuqikelelwa kusetyenziswa:

T_J=T_A+(P_D×R_θJA)

Apho:

• TJ = Ubushushu beJunction

• TA = Ubushushu be-Ambient

• I-PD = Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla

• I-RθJA = I-Junction-to-ambient ukumelana ne-thermal

Obu budlelwane bubaluleke kakhulu kumbane we-elektroniki kuba ubushushu obugqithileyo besiphambuka bunokonyusa ukuvuza kwangoku, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukukhawulezisa ukuguga kwe-semiconductor, kubangele ukubaleka kwe-thermal, kwaye kubangele ukusilela okusisigxina kwe-diode.

Umzekelo, i-diode ye-Schottky echithayo 1W yamandla ngexabiso le RθJA ye 80°C/W banokufumana i 80°C iqondo lobushushu lesiphambuka liyenyuka ngaphezu kobushushu be-ambient.Ukuba ubushushu bomoya obujikelezileyo bu 40°C, ubushushu besiphambuka bunokusondela 120°C, enokunyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Kuyilo olusebenzayo lwePCB, i-compact SOD-323 Schottky diode esebenza kuyo 1A yangoku ingachitha amandla awoneleyo ukunyusa ubushushu besiphambuka ngaphezulu 100°C ukuba indawo yobhedu ye-PCB ilinganiselwe.Uvavanyo lwe-Thermal luhlala lubonisa ukuba ukwandisa ubungakanani bokuthululelwa kobhedu kunye nokongeza i-vias eshushu kunokunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ubushushu be-hotspot kunye nokuxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide.

Amaxabiso e-RθJA ngokwesiqhelo adweliswe kwi-surface-mount diode database kwaye ancede ukuqikelela ubushushu bokusebenza obukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani zePCB.Amaxabiso asezantsi okumelana ne-thermal abonisa amandla okupholisa anamandla kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu okusebenzayo kwindawo engqongileyo.

Iiphakheji ezincinci ze-SMD ngokubanzi zinokuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-thermal kuba indawo yazo encitshisiweyo inciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwi-PCB kunye nomoya ojikelezileyo.

Umzobo 7. Umonakalo wokutshisa ngokugqithisileyo obangelwa kukuNcitshiswa koBubushushu obuNgalunganga kwiiPakethi ze-SMD zeCompact

Kutheni iiPakethi ezincinci ze-SMD zitshisa ngokukhawuleza

Iiphakheji ezincinci ze-SMD zihlala zigqithisa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba zinazo ubunzima obunqamlekileyo be-thermal, indawo encinci yokulahla ubushushu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-thermal, kwaye indawo yokudibanisa ubhedu.

Umzekelo , iiphakheji ze-SOD-523 kunye ne-SOD-323 zigqwesileyo kwizicelo zesignali ezihlangeneyo, kodwa zinokuba nzima kwiisekethe eziphezulu zangoku zokutshintsha apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi.

Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ukuvuza kwangoku kunyuka, ukuguquguquka kweempawu zombane wangaphambili, ukusebenza kakuhle kuyancipha, kunye nokuthotywa kwe-semiconductor kuyakhawuleza.

Kwizixhobo zombane ezixineneyo ezifana ii-smartphones kwaye Iitshaja ze-USB-C, exineneyo Uyilo lwePCB inokubamba ubushushu kwaye yenze mandundu ukwakhiwa kwe-thermal malunga neepakethe ezincinci zediode.Ukuhamba komoya okungalunganga konyusa ngakumbi uxinzelelo lobushushu kuba ukuhanjiswa kwendalo kuye kuthintelwe ngaphakathi kwizivalo ezixineneyo.

Imingcipheko yokutshisa ngokugqithiseleyo iqhele ukuncitshiswa ngokukhetha iipakethe ezinkulu zediode, ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba komoya kwe-PCB, ukwandisa indawo yenqwelomoya yobhedu, ukwehlisa ukusebenza kwangoku, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Schottky diodes ephezulu.

Ipharamitha	Inkcazo	Ukubaluleka
Umva Umbane (Vr)	Ubuninzi umva wombane	Iyanqanda ukuqhekeka
Phambili Umbane (Vf)	Ukuhla kwamandla ombane ngexesha lokuqhuba	Ichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu
Ukuvuza yangoku (IR)	Umva ukuvuza kwangoku	Kubalulekile kwi iisekethe zamandla aphantsi
Ixesha lokuBuyisa (trr)	Ukutshintsha isantya recovery	Kubalulekile kwi umsebenzi ophezulu-frequency
Isiphambuka Ubunakho (Cj)	Intlawulo egciniweyo phakathi kweetheminali	Ichaphazela iRF kunye nokusebenza kokutshintsha
Ubuninzi Ubushushu beJunction (Tj)	Eyona ikhuselekileyo ubushushu bokusebenza	Iyanqanda umonakalo thermal

Iiphakheji ezinkulu ze-diode zibonelela ngokuxhathisa okuphantsi kwe-thermal kunye nokukwazi ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obungcono.Nangona iipakethe ezincinci zinceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani bePCB, zihlala zifuna ulawulo lwe-thermal ngononophelo phantsi komthwalo wangoku oqhubekayo.

Nangona iipakethe ezincinci ze-diode-mountain diode zinceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ye-PCB, zihlala zifuna uyilo olunononophelo oluthe kratya ngenxa yokuba indawo yazo encitshisiweyo inciphisa amandla okuphelisa ubushushu phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo wangoku.

Umfanekiso  8

I-Thermal Vias kunye ne-Multi-Layer PCB yokuPholisa

Thermal vias imingxuma ecandiweyo edlulisela ubushushu ukusuka kumaleko PCB phezulu ukuya kwiinqwelomoya zobhedu lwangaphakathi okanye ezantsi.Banceda ukusasaza ubushushu kwiileya ezininzi ze-PCB endaweni yokugxila kubushushu kufutshane nephakheji ye-diode.

I-Thermal vias inceda ubushushu obuphantsi besiphambuka, ixhasa ukusasazeka kwe-thermal, ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-hotspot, kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Iinqwelomoya zobhedu ze-PCB ezinemigangatho emininzi zixhasa ngakumbi ukuchithwa kobushushu kuba iindawo ezinkulu zobhedu zangaphakathi zisebenza njengemithombo yobushushu efunxa kwaye isasaze ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo.Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumbane onamandla aphezulu apho ukuhamba komoya kulinganiselwe.

Umfanekiso 9. Ukuhamba komoya Kuphucula ukuPholisa kweDiode ye-SMD

Ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo Kuphucula Ukupholisa kwe-SMD Diode kunye nokuthembeka

Ukuhamba komoya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubushushu bokusebenza kwediode, ngakumbi kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu.Iimeko zokuhamba komoya ezingekho mgangathweni zinokubamba ubushushu kufutshane nomphezulu wePCB kwaye zonyuse ubushushu besiphambuka, ukuvuza kwangoku, uxinzelelo lobushushu, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwamathuba.

Ukuhamba komoya okunyanzelwayo ukusuka kwiifeni zokupholisa kunceda ukususa ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kwehlisa ubushushu bokusebenza kwiinkqubo zombane zamandla aphezulu apho kufuneka ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okuqhubekayo.

Nokuphuculwa kokuhamba komoya okuphakathi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubushushu bediode kunye nokuxhasa uzinzo lwexesha elide lokusebenza.

Ukunciphisa i-Thermal kuYilo lwangoku oluPhezulu

Ukunciphisa i-Thermal kubhekiselele ekunciphiseni amandla okuphatha akhoyo ngoku kwi-diode njengoko ubushushu bokusebenza bunyuka.

Uninzi lwedatadata yediode ichaza iireyithingi zangoku phantsi kweemeko zelabhoratri ezilawulwayo, rhoqo malunga ne-25°C ubushushu bendawo engqongileyo.Kwiinkqubo zokwenyani zombane, amaqondo obushushu asebenzayo asoloko ephezulu kakhulu.

Njengoko ubushushu be-junction bonyuka, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kuncipha, ukunyuka kwangoku okuvuzayo, ukunyuka kwamandla kunyuka, kunye nomngcipheko wokubaleka kwe-thermal uba phezulu.

Imida ye-Thermal derating margins isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxhasa ukuthembeka phantsi kweemeko ezimbi kakhulu zokusebenza, ngakumbi kumandla aphezulu kunye ne-high-frequency electronic systems apho ukuveliswa kobushushu kuqhubeka.

Ukungahoyi ukuthotywa kwe-thermal kunokubangela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha, indlela yokuziphatha yesekethe engazinzanga, ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwemveliso.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-thermal lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-diode ze-SMD zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo eziqhubekayo zombane kunye nokusingqongileyo kubomi obude benkonzo.

Iingxaki zokwenyani zePCB eziThermal kwi-SMD Diode Applications

Iingxaki zolawulo lwe-Thermal ziphakathi kwemingeni eqhelekileyo yokuthembeka kwizicelo zanamhlanje ze-SMD diode.Ngenxa yokuba iipakethe ze-SMD zihlangene kwaye zipakishwe ngokuxineneyo kwiiPCB, ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kombane kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide.

Ingxaki enye eqhelekileyo yenzeke kwii-elektroniki eziphathwayo ezisebenzisa i-compact SOD-323 Schottky diode kulawulo lwamandla kunye nokubuyisela umva ukukhuselwa kwepolarity.

Ingxaki yokwenyani ye-PCB yeThermal: I-SOD-323 Ukushisa kakhulu

Kwiisekethe eziphezulu zangoku, i-SOD-323 Schottky diode inokushisa kakhulu xa indawo yobhedu ye-PCB incinci kakhulu, ukuhamba komoya kuthintelwe, ukutshintsha kwangoku kugqitha imida yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, i-thermal vias ayikho, okanye i-PCB trace wide akwanelanga.

Njengoko ubushushu be-junction bonyuka, i-diode inokufumana ukuncitshiswa kokusebenza, ukunyuka kokuvuza kwangoku, ukubaleka kwe-thermal, ukungazinzi kwe-voltage, kunye nokuthotywa kwe-semiconductor kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zihlala zibandakanya ukuguquguquka kwemibala ye-PCB, amanqaku atshisayo kufutshane ne-diode, ukuziphatha okungazinzanga kokutshaja, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kwesekethe okwethutyana.

Kwiitshaja ezixineneyo ze-USB-C kunye neziguquli ze-DC-DC, ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kwe-Schottky diode kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kunye nokwenza bufutshane ubomi bezinto ezikufutshane ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal lwendawo.

Kuyilo olunye oludityanisiweyo lwetshaja ye-USB-C, i-SOD-323 Schottky diode encinci iye yatshisa kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja okukhawulezileyo kuba indawo yobhedu ejikelezileyo yePCB yayincinci kakhulu ekusasazeni ubushushu.Intelekelelo yobushushu iveze amaqondo obushushu asekuhlaleni kufutshane nepakethe yediode, ebangele ukusebenza okungazinzanga kokutshaja emva kokusebenza okwandisiweyo.Ukutshintsha i-diode ngephakheji enkulu ye-SMA kunye nokongeza i-thermal vias kuncede ubushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Olu hlobo lwengxaki yokushisa ngokugqithiseleyo lubonisa indlela umgangatho woyilo lwe-PCB oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye ne-semiconductor yokuphila kwiinkqubo ze-electronic compact high-power.

Isisombululo esisebenzayo sePCB Thermal

Ukonyusa indawo yokugalela ubhedu ejikeleze iipads zediode kunceda ukomeleza ukuchithwa kwe-thermal ngokusasaza ubushushu kwindawo enkulu yePCB.Ukuthembeka kwe-Thermal kukwaxhaswe ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imikhondo yobhedu ebanzi, iinqwelomoya zobhedu ezinamanqwanqwa amaninzi, i-vias ye-thermal, ukuphuculwa koyilo lokuhamba komoya, kunye neepakethe ezinkulu ze-diode kwimithwalo ephezulu yangoku.

Kuyilo olusebenzayo lwe-PCB, ulawulo olulambathayo lwe-thermal lunokwenza amaqondo obushushu asekuhlaleni akhawulezisa ukuguga kwe-semiconductor kunye nokunyusa amazinga okusilela kwexesha elide.Uyilo olufanelekileyo loyilo lwe-thermal lunceda ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-electronic compact apho ukuhamba komoya kunye nendawo yokupholisa iyancipha.

Uhlalutyo lokucinga lwe-Thermal luhlala lusetyenziswa ngexesha lophuhliso lwe-PCB ukuchonga amacandelo okufudumeza kunye nokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu phambi kokuveliswa kobuninzi.

Iinkqubo ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje zithembele kakhulu kuyilo lwe-thermal ngononophelo kuba nokunyuka okuncinci kobushushu kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza kombane.

IiParameters zoMbane ezibalulekileyo zoKhetho lweDiode ye-SMD

Ukukhetha i-diode ye-SMD echanekileyo kufuna ukuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kweeparamitha ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zombane ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ukusebenza kokutshintsha, kunye nokuthembeka kwesekethe yexesha elide.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zediode zilungiselelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.Ezinye zenzelwe ukutshintshwa kwesantya esiphezulu, ngelixa ezinye zibeka phambili ukhuseleko lokutya, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, okanye amandla okuphatha angoku.Ukuqonda ezi parameters zombane kunceda ukugqiba i-diode efanelekileyo kakhulu kwisicelo esithile.

Ipharamitha	Inkcazo	Ukubaluleka
Umva Umbane (Vr)	Ubuninzi umva wombane	Iyanqanda ukuqhekeka
Phambili Umbane (Vf)	Ukuhla kwamandla ombane ngexesha lokuqhuba	Ichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu
Ukuvuza yangoku (IR)	Umva ukuvuza kwangoku	Kubalulekile kwi iisekethe zamandla aphantsi
Ixesha lokuBuyisa (trr)	Ukutshintsha isantya recovery	Kubalulekile kwi umsebenzi ophezulu-frequency
Isiphambuka Ubunakho (Cj)	Intlawulo egciniweyo phakathi kweetheminali	Ichaphazela iRF kunye nokusebenza kokutshintsha
Ubuninzi Ubushushu beJunction (Tj)	Eyona ikhuselekileyo ubushushu bokusebenza	Iyanqanda umonakalo thermal

Ukukhetha iiparamitha zombane ezingachanekanga kunokubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukusebenza okungazinzanga, ukuphulukana nombane ngokugqithisileyo, ukucutha ukusebenza kakuhle, ukubaleka kwe-thermal, kunye nokusilela kwecandelo kwangaphambi kwexesha.Ukukhethwa kweparameter efanelekileyo kunceda ukuxhasa ukuthembeka kwesekethe, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide lombane.

Phambili iVoltage (Vf)

I-voltage eya phambili inquma ukuba ungakanani umbane olahlekileyo xa ngoku uqukuqela kwi-diode ngexesha lomsebenzi wokuya phambili.

Uhlobo lweDiode	IVoltage yokuPhambili eqhelekileyo
Schottky Diode	0.2V–0.4V
Isilicon I-Diode yokulungisa	0.7V–1.1V

Umbane osezantsi ohamba phambili ngokuthe ngqo uphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuba amandla amancinci aguqulwa abe bubushushu ngexesha lokuqhuba.Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-compact elektroniki apho indawo yolawulo lwe-thermal ilinganiselwe.

Iidiode ze-Schottky ziqhele ukukhethwa kwiisekethe zamandla ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokuhla kwamandla ombane kunye nokuziphatha kokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.Izilungisi ze-silicon ezisemgangathweni, nangona kunjalo, zinokubonelela ngokunyamezela ngcono umva wombane kunye nokuvuza okuphantsi kwangoku kwizicelo ezithile.

Umbane osezantsi wangaphambili ukwanceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ubushushu obuphantsi besiphambuka, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila lecandelo.

Ubudlelwane bokutshatyalaliswa kwamandla:

P=V_f×I

Nokunciphisa okuncinci kumbane ohamba phambili kunokunciphisa kakhulu ilahleko yamandla kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zangoku ze-elektroniki.

UReverse Voltage (Vr)

Umgangatho wombane obuyela umva uchaza owona mbane uphezulu ubuya umva idiode inokumelana ngokukhuselekileyo phambi kokuba kuqhawuke umbane.Ukuba i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ebuyela umva ingaphezulu komda obekiweyo, i-diode inokufumana ukuphuka kwe-avalanche, ukuvuza okugqithisileyo kwangoku, umonakalo osisigxina we-semiconductor, kunye nokusilela kwe-PCB ngexesha lokunyuka kwamandla ombane.

Imilinganiselo yamandla ombane ebuyela umva idla ngokukhethwa ngomda owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko ukunceda ukugcina ukuthembeka ngexesha leemeko zokusebenza ezidlulayo.Ukungonelanga komda wombane wokubuyela umva kwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokusilela kwintsimi okungalindelekanga.

Ukuvuza kwangoku (IR)

Ukuvuza kwangoku kubhekiselele kwisixa esincinci somsinga obuya umva oqukuqela kwidiode xa umva ucalanye.Nangona ukuvuza kwangoku kuqhelekile kuncinci kakhulu, ukuvuza okugqithisileyo kunokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri, ukusebenza okuphantsi kokulinda, ukonyusa uxinzelelo lobushushu, kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka kweesekethe zamandla asezantsi.

Ukuvuza kwangoku konyuka njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ukubuya kombane kunyuka, kunye nokuguga kwe-semiconductor kwenzeka.Ukusebenza kokuvuza okuphantsi kubaluleke kakhulu kwii-elektroniki eziphathwayo, iisistim ezisebenza ngebhetri, izixhobo ze-IoT, kunye neesekethe zokulinda ezonga amandla.

Iidiode ze-Schottky zihlala zinendawo evuzayo ephezulu yangoku kuneyomgangatho ohlaziyiweyo wesilicon, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo okusebenza.

Umzekelo, Iidiode zeSchottky zihlala zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kwiitshaja ezikhawulezayo ngenxa yamandla ombane asezantsi ukuya phambili.Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuza kwabo okuphezulu ngoku kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo kunokunciphisa kancinci ukusebenza kokulinda kwiinkqubo ezisebenza ngebhetri.

Olu rhwebo luba lubalulekile kuyilo lwe-elektroniki olunamandla aphantsi apho ubomi bebhetri obude kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda okuncinci zizinto eziphambili.

Ixesha loBuyiselo (trr)

Ixesha lokubuyisela lilinganisa ukuba i-diode iyeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ukuqhuba xa utshintshela phambili ukubuyisela umva.

Uhlobo lweDiode	Ixesha loBuyiselo oluQhelekileyo
Umgangatho Umlungisi	2µs–30µs
UkuBuyisa ngokukhawuleza Diode	50ns-500ns
Schottky Diode	Kufuphi no-zero

Ixesha lokubuyisela liya libaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunyuka.Iidiode zokulungisa ezisemgangathweni zikholisa ukwamkeleka kunikezelo lwamandla amaza aphantsi, kodwa zisenokwenza ilahleko egqithileyo yokutshintsha kwiisekethe zohlobo oluphezulu.

Kunikezelo lwamandla okutshintsha kwe-frequency ephezulu, ii-diode zokulungisa ezicothayo zinokuvelisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo yokutshintsha kuba umva wokubuyisela umva uyaqhubeka ukuhamba kancinci ngexesha lokutshintsha.Ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-Schottky diodes kunceda ukunciphisa le lahleko, ukuvelisa ubushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesiguquli.

Ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza kunye neediode zeSchottky zidla ngokukhethwa ekutshintsheni unikezelo lombane, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo, iziguquli zeDC-DC, iisekethe zamandla eRF, kunye neenkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezisebenza ngamaza amaninzi.

Ukuziphatha kwabo ngokukhawuleza kokutshintsha kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yokutshintsha, ukuveliswa kobushushu obuphantsi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa ingxolo ye-EMI, kunye nokuxhasa ukuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal.

Nangona kunjalo, iidiode ze-Schottky zinokubonisa ukuvuza okuphezulu okubuyela umva ngoku kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ekufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo kwiindawo ezifuna ubushushu.

I-Junction Capacitance (Cj)

I-Junction capacitance imele intlawulo yombane egciniweyo phakathi kweetheminali zediode.Le parameter ichaphazela ngqo isantya sokutshintsha, ukusebenza kweRF, imfezeko yomqondiso, kunye nokuziphatha kwesekethe ephezulu.

Umthamo we-junction esezantsi inceda ekuphuculeni i-high-frequency switching, ukuzinza komqondiso weRF, ukusebenza kwesekethe yonxibelelwano, kunye nokuchaneka kokwenziwa komqondiso.

Ijunction capacitance iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano zeRF, ii-electronics ezingenazingcingo, iisekhethi zokwenziwa kwemiqondiso, kunye neenkqubo zedijithali ezinesantya esiphezulu.Ubuchule obugqithisileyo bunokwazisa ukugqwetheka komqondiso, ukuziphatha okucothayo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweRF.

Ubushushu obuphezulu beJunction (Tj)

Ubushushu obuphezulu be-junction, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhalwe njenge-Tj, ichaza ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza obukhuselekileyo be-diode's internal semiconductor junction.

Le parameter ibaluleke kakhulu kuba i-diode inokusilela naxa amandla ombane kunye neereyithingi zangoku zibonakala zamkelekile ukuba ulawulo lwe-thermal alwanelanga.

Njengoko ubushushu be-junction bonyuka, i-diode inokufumana ukonyuka kokuvuza kwangoku, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukungazinzi kombane wangaphambili, ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kwe-semiconductor, kunye nomonakalo ongapheliyo wangaphakathi.

Kwizicelo ze-diode ze-SMD eziphezulu zangoku, ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-junction bunokubangela ukubaleka kwe-thermal.Oku kwenzeka xa ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu kwandisa ukuvuza kwangoku kunye nokuchithwa kwamandla, okuthi ke kuvelise ubushushu obuninzi kwaye bunyuse ngakumbi ubushushu besiphambuka.

Ukuba i-thermal runaway ayilawulwa, i-diode inokusilela ngesiquphe kwaye yonakalise amacandelo e-PCB ajikelezileyo.

Ukusebenza ngokuthe gqolo kufutshane nobona bushushu besiphambuka bunokubenza bufutshane ubomi becandelo lexesha elide, nokuba akwenzeki ukusilela kwangoko.Ukushisa okuphakamileyo kukhawulezisa iindlela zokunxiba ze-semiconductor kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Ukuthembeka kwe-Thermal ngokuqhelekileyo kuphuculwe ngokusebenzisa iipakethi ezinkulu ze-diode, umkhondo wobhedu obanzi, ukuthululwa kobhedu kwePCB enkulu, i-thermal vias, ukuhamba komoya okungcono, kunye neendlela zangoku zokuthoba.

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-thermal lunceda ukugcina ukushisa okukhuselekileyo kwe-junction, ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwecandelo ngaphambi kwexesha kwiinkqubo ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje.

Umzekelo, idatadata ye-diode inokuchaza ubuninzi bobushushu besiphambuka obuyi-150°C kunye nexabiso le-RθJA eliyi-90°C/W.Ezi xabiso zinceda ukuqikelela ukuba i-diode inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kobushushu obulindelekileyo be-ambient kunye neemeko zokutshatyalaliswa kwamandla.

Indlela yokuchonga iiKhowudi zeDiode ze-SMD kunye nePolarity

Umfanekiso 10. SMD Diode Cathode Polarity ukuMakisha

Enye yemibuzo exhaphakileyo yokukhangela enxulumene ne-SMD diode yi Indlela yokuchonga iimpawu ze-SMD diode kuba abavelisi bahlala beprinta iikhowudi ze-SMD ezishunqulelweyo kwiipakethe zediode ngenxa yobukhulu obulinganiselweyo becandelo.

Ikhowudi	Inokwenzeka Uhlobo lweDiode
A7	Ukutshintsha idiode
M7	I-diode yokulungisa
T4	TVS diode

Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zokumakisha ziyahluka phakathi kwabavelisi, ukuchongwa kwecandelo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqinisekiswa kusetyenziswa idatadata, ikhowudi yedatha ye-SMD, kunye novavanyo lwe-multimeter diode.

Uyivavanya njani iDiode ye-SMD usebenzisa iMultimeter

Umzobo 11. Ukuvavanya iDiode ye-SMD ngeMultimeter

Ukuvavanya idiode ye-SMD nge multimeter inceda ukuchonga iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane, iisekethe ezivulekileyo, umonakalo wokuvuza, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-thermal.Iinkqubo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile kuba imilinganiselo engachanekanga inokukhokelela kuxilongo olungachanekanga okanye umonakalo wePCB ngengozi.

Izilumkiso zoKhuseleko phambi koVavanyo

Ngaphambi kokwenza nayiphi na imilinganiselo ye-diode:

1. Nqamula kwaye ukwahlula amandla kwisekethe

2. Khupha ii-capacitors ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba uchukumise iPCB

3. Kuphephe ukuvavanya iisekethe ezinamandla

4. Sebenzisa ukhuseleko lwe-ESD xa uphethe izinto zombane ezibuthathaka

Iicapacitors ezinkulu ngaphakathi kombane, iitshaja, kunye nee-elektroniki zemizi-mveliso zinokugcina amandla ombane ayingozi nasemva kokuba umbane ususiwe.Ukukhupha i-capacitors kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye nomonakalo wecandelo ngengozi.

Imilinganiselo ye-in-circuit nayo ayisoloko ithembeke ngokupheleleyo kuba amacandelo e-PCB ajikelezileyo anokudala ufundo olungeyonyani.I-resistors ezihambelanayo, i-capacitors, i-inductors, kunye neendlela ze-semiconductor zinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-multimeter kwaye ivelise iziphumo ezilahlekisayo.

Ukusombulula ingxaki ngokuchanekileyo, elinye icala le-diode lihlala liphakanyiswa kwi-PCB ukuze lihlukanise icandelo ngexesha lovavanyo.

Phambili kuVavanyo lwe-Bias

Seta i-multimeter kwimodi yovavanyo lwe-diode.Xhuma i-probe ebomvu kwi-anode kunye ne-black probe kwi-cathode.I-diode enempilo ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane angaphambili malunga ne-0.2V-0.4V ye-Schottky diode kunye ne-0.6V-0.7V ye-silicon diode.Ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuhla kombane wediode phambili ngexesha lokuqhuba.Amandla ombane asezantsi angaphambili kwi-Schottky diode anceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu kwiisekethe zokutshintsha okuqhelekileyo.

Reverse Bias Test

Buyisela i-multimeter probes ngokudibanisa i-black probe kwi-anode kunye ne-red probe kwi-cathode.I-diode enempilo kufuneka ithintele ukuhamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo.I-multimeter idla ngokubonisa i-OL (i-Open Loop) okanye ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu.Ukuba umsinga olinganisekayo uqukuqela kwicala elingasemva, i-diode inokuthi ichaphazeleke kumonakalo wokuvuza, ukophuka kwesiphambuka, okanye ukuthotywa kobushushu.Iingxaki zokuvuza okubuyela umva zihlala zisiba mbi kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo okusebenza.

Iimpawu zokungaphumeleli eziqhelekileyo

Uphawu	Unobangela Onokwenzeka
0V zombini imiyalelo	I-diode emfutshane
OL zombini imiyalelo	Vula idiode
Ayizinzanga ukufunda	Thermal umonakalo okanye ukuvuza

Iidiode ezimfutshane ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka emva koxinzelelo lombane, umva izehlo zepolarity, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye umonakalo wotyando.Vula idiode ukusilela kusenokubangelwa kukonakala kocingo lwebhondi, ukukhwela ibhayisekile eshushu kakhulu, ukuqhekeka koomatshini, okanye iziphene zokuvelisa.Ayizinzanga okanye engangqinelaniyo ukufundwa kungabonisa umonakalo wangaphakathi we-thermal, ukuvuza iingxaki zangoku, i-solder joints, okanye ukuthotywa kwe-semiconductor inxalenye.

Kwiisekethe zokutshintsha okuhamba rhoqo kunye nokubonelela ngombane, iidiode ze-SMD ezingalunganga zinokubangela ukuveliswa kobushushu obugqithisileyo, amandla ombane angazinzanga, ingxolo yokutshintsha, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, kunye nokusebenza kwesekethe kwangethuba.

Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-multimeter lunceda ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga i-diode ephosakeleyo kwaye ixhasa ukucombulula iingxaki ezichanekileyo kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zombane.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ze-SMD Diode, i-PCB Design Mistakes, kunye neMigangatho yokuthembeka

Nangona ii-diode ze-SMD zithembeke kakhulu, uyilo lwesekethe olungafanelekanga, uxinzelelo lobushushu, uxinzelelo lombane, ukuvezwa kwe-ESD, kunye nezenzo ezigwenxa zokuthengisa zisenokubangela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye neengxaki zokuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Ukuqonda iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kunceda ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwePCB kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli kwentsimi kwiimoto, kwimizi-mveliso, kunxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo zombane.

Ukungaphumeleli kweDiode ye-SMD eqhelekileyo kunye nokuQuqulwa kweNgxaki

Ukusilela Unobangela	Uphawu oluqhelekileyo	Isiphumo esinokuba ngumphumo
Umbane Uxinzelelo	Ukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo	Ukugqithisa umonakalo wangoku
Ngokugqithisileyo ubushushu	Tshisa amanqaku	Thermal abalekile
Utyhileko lwe-ESD	Ilahleko yotyando ukhuselo	TVS diode ukuthotywa
PCB flex umonakalo	Ngethutyana ukusebenza	Iqhekeziwe amalungu e-solder
Ayifanelekanga i-soldering	Amandla ombane ukungazinzi	Umva ukuvuza kunye nokusebenza okungazinzanga

Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lombane kuhlala zimbini zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokungaphumeleli kwe-SMD diode kwii-elektroniki zanamhlanje.Iingxaki ezininzi zokuthembeka zivela kuyilo olungonelanga lwe-PCB yoyilo lobushushu, ukhetho olungafanelekanga lwe-diode, ukungonelanga kokhuselo lokutya, umgangatho ombi wokudityaniswa kwe-solder, kunye nomda wombane ongasebenziyo.

Uxinzelelo lombane lwenzeka xa i-diode isebenza ngaphaya kombane wayo okanye ukulinganisa kwangoku.Oku kunokunyusa ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwe-junction kunye nokonakalisa ngokusisigxina isakhiwo se-semiconductor.

Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-thermal ngomnye unobangela omkhulu wokungaphumeleli kwi-compact elektroniki apho ungonelanga indawo yobhedu yePCB inciphisa ukuchithwa kobushushu.

Umonakalo we-ESD udla ngokuchaphazela ii-diode ze-TVS ezifakwe kwii-ports ze-USB, i-HDMI i-interfaces, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lweemoto, kunye neesekethe zokukhusela i-Ethernet.Ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-surge kuthoba ngokuthe ngcembe amandla okukhusela e-diode ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iimpazamo zoYilo lwePCB eziqhelekileyo kunye neeDiode ze-SMD

• IiPads zeThermal eziNgaphantsi

Ukuchithwa kobhedu okungalunganga kwandisa ubushushu be-junction kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.Iipads ezincinci ze-thermal zinokuthintela ubushushu ukuba busasazeke ngokufanelekileyo kuyo yonke i-PCB.

• Ukubekwa kwe-TVS ngendlela engafanelekanga

I-TVS diode ezibekwe kude kakhulu kwiziqhagamshelo zangaphandle ziye zingasebenzi kakuhle ngokuchasene neziganeko ze-ESD kunye nee-voltage spikes ezidlulayo.Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezikhawulezayo ezifana ne-USB, i-HDMI, kunye neenethiwekhi zedatha yemoto, ukubekwa kwe-diode ye-TVS engafanelekanga kunokuvumela i-spikes ye-voltage edlulayo ukuba ifikelele kwii-ICs ezibuthathaka ngaphambi kokuba ukunyanzeliswa kwenzeke, kwandisa umngcipheko womonakalo osisigxina wesiphaluka.

• Ukusebenzisa iziHlaziyi ezicothayo kwiiSekethe ezinesantya esiphezulu

Amaxesha acothayo okubuyisela angazisa ingxolo yokutshintsha, ukunyuka kokulahleka kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neengxaki ze-EMI.Ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza okanye i-Schottky diode zikhethwa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zokutshintsha okuphakamileyo.

• Umda weVoltage eNgenelanga

Ukukhetha ii-diode ezikufutshane kakhulu kumbane osebenzayo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuka ngexesha lokunyuka kwexeshana okanye iimeko zokusebenza ezingazinzanga.Ukuthembeka kweDiode kuhlala kuphuculwa ngokudibanisa ulawulo olululo lobushushu, umda wombane owaneleyo, uyilo lwePCB ephuculweyo, ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kwediode kufutshane nojongano olusemngciphekweni, kunye nezenzo ezithembekileyo zokuthengisa.

Imigangatho yokuthembeka kunye neZiqinisekiso zokuThobela

Imigangatho yokuthembeka inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iidiode ze-SMD zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kombane, i-thermal, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Uphawu	SMD IiDiodes	Nge-Hole IiDiodes
Ubungakanani bePCB	Icwecwe	Enkulu
Ukuvelisa	I-SMT ezenzekelayo	Imanual / i-solder yamaza
Ukusebenza okuPhakamileyo	Ngcono	Ngasezantsi
Ukulungiswa	Kunzima ngakumbi	Lula
Ukuchithwa kwe-Thermal	Phakathi	Kungcono kumandla aphezulu
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo	Ephathekayo izinto zombane	Iinkqubo zoshishino

Uvavanyo lokuthobela lunceda ukuxhasa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, ukuhambelana kwemveliso, ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ukuqina kwe-thermal, kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo.

IiDiode ze-SMD vs ngokusebenzisa i-Diode ye-Hole

Umfanekiso 12. SMD vs Kwi-Hole Components kwi-PCB

Iidiode ze-SMD kunye ne-diode yomngxuma zombini zenza imisebenzi yombane efanayo, kodwa ziyahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu, indlela yokuvelisa, indlela yokuziphatha eshushu, ukuqina koomatshini, kunye nokudityaniswa kwePCB.

Uphawu	SMD IiDiodes	Nge-Hole IiDiodes
Ubungakanani bePCB	Icwecwe	Enkulu
Ukuvelisa	I-SMT ezenzekelayo	Imanual / i-solder yamaza
Ukusebenza okuPhakamileyo	Ngcono	Ngasezantsi
Ukulungiswa	Kunzima ngakumbi	Lula
Ukuchithwa kwe-Thermal	Phakathi	Kungcono kumandla aphezulu
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo	Ephathekayo izinto zombane	Iinkqubo zoshishino

Iidiode ze-SMD zikhethwa ngokubanzi kwii-electronics zanamhlanje kuba zixhasa iiplani zePCB ezincinci, imveliso yobuninzi ezenzekelayo, izixhobo zombane ezikhaphukhaphu, kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kwe-high-frequency.

Iindlela zabo zombane ezimfutshane zinceda ekunciphiseni inductance kunye ne-capacitance yeparasitic, zibenza bafanelekele iisekethe zokutshintsha ngesantya esiphezulu, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lweRF, iziguquli zamandla acwengileyo, kunye nezixhobo zombane ezipakishwe ngokuxineneyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-diode zomngxuma, zisengakhethwa kwiinkqubo zamandla aphezulu, usetyenziso olunzima lwangoku, iimeko ezinobume bomatshini, kunye nezixhobo ezifuna ukulungiswa lula okanye ukutshintshwa.

Kuba izinto eziphuma kumngxuma zisebenzisa iintambo zocingo ezifakwe kwi-PCB, zihlala zibonelela nge-ankile yoomatshini eyomeleleyo kunye nokuphatha ubushushu obungcono kwizixhobo zamandla amakhulu.

Kwizixhobo zombane zanamhlanje, iidiode ze-SMD zilawula ngenxa yokuba ii-PCB ezidibeneyo kunye ne-automated SMT assembly zinciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nokunyusa isantya semveliso.

Ungayikhetha njani iDiode ye-SMD yasekunene

Ukukhetha i-diode ye-SMD echanekileyo idinga ukulinganisa ukusebenza kombane, amandla okushisa, ukuthembeka, isantya sokutshintsha, ubungakanani bephakheji, kunye neemfuno zesicelo.

Ukusebenzisa i-diode engalunganga kunokukhokelela ekushiseni, ukungazinzi kombane, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukulahleka kwamandla ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokusilela kwecandelo kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kwe-diode kunceda ukuxhasa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yombane jikelele.

Isikhokelo sokuKhetha esiSekwe kwiSicelo

Isicelo	I-Diode ecetyiswayo
Itshaja ekhawulezayo	Schottky idiode
Amandla ombane ummiselo	Zener diode
USB ESD ukhuselo	TVS diode
RF ukulungiswa	Varactor idiode
AC ukulungiswa	Umlungisi idiode

Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngexesha lokukhetha

• UReverse Voltage Rating: I-diode kufuneka imelane ngokukhuselekileyo nowona mbane uphezulu ubuyela umva okhoyo kwisekethi.Umda wombane ongonelanga wonyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngexesha lokunyuka kwamandla ombane okwethutyana.

• Ubunakho bokuphatha obukhoyo: I-diode kufuneka ixhase ngokukhuselekileyo zombini iimeko zangoku eziqhubekayo kunye neemeko zangoku.Usetyenziso oluphezulu lwangoku luhlala lufuna iipakethe ezinkulu, ukuchithwa kwe-thermal ngcono, kunye ne-PCB ebanzi yokulandela umkhondo.

• Ukutshintsha isantya: Iisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency zifuna ukubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza okanye i-Schottky diodes ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokutshintsha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

• Ukusebenza kwe-Thermal: Ukukwazi ukufudumeza kubalulekile kuba ubushushu obugqithileyo be-junction bunokunciphisa ixesha lobomi becandelo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka.

• Izithintelo zeSithuba zePCB: Izixhobo zombane ezibambeneyo zihlala zifuna iipakethe ezincinci ze-SMD ukuxhasa uyilo lwePCB enoxinano oluphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, iipakethe ezincinci zinokuba namandla aphantsi obushushu kunye nokuphatha ngoku.

Ukukhetha iiDiodes kumashishini ahlukeneyo

• I-Automotive Electronics: Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokunyuka, ukunyamezela ubushushu obubanzi, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-AEC-Q101 kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zombane kunye nokusingqongileyo.

• Izixhobo zombane: Ubungakanani obubambeneyo, ilahleko yamandla aphantsi, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokwenziwa kwezinto zikholisa ukubekwa phambili kuyilo lwePCB exineneyo kunye neenkqubo eziphathwayo.

• IiNkqubo zoShishino: Ukuqina kwe-Thermal, amandla akhoyo aphezulu, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezifunayo zombane.

• I-RF kunye neeNkqubo zoNxibelelwano: Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, amandla aphantsi okudibanisa, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-frequency ephezulu kunceda ukugcina imfezeko yesignali kunye nokuziphatha okusebenzayo konxibelelwano.

Ukukhetha ipakethe ye-diode echanekileyo kunye nokucaciswa kombane kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukukhuselwa kweesekethe, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kwiinkqubo zombane zanamhlanje.

Ukuqukumbela

Iidiode ze-SMD zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-elektroniki zanamhlanje ukuxhasa ulawulo olusebenzayo lwamandla, ukhuseleko lwesekethe, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwesantya esiphezulu.Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kwe-diode kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nombane ohamba phambili, ixesha lokubuyisela, ukusebenza kwe-thermal, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha ngoku.Uyilo olululo lwePCB olushushu kunye nokhetho oluchanekileyo lwepakethe lunceda ukunciphisa ubushushu nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.Njengoko izixhobo zombane ziqhubeka zincinci kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi, ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwe-SMD diode kuya kubaluleke ngakumbi kuyilo lwesekethe yanamhlanje.